刑法視角下的自殺決定與協助

Criminal Law Evaluation of the Decision to Commit Suicide and Suicide Assistance

本文從我國相關法規疑義出發，先後討論歐洲人權法院判決以及德國見解，並確立出無論病重與否，生命自主決定都是一項應被肯認的權利。本文認為生命的絕對保護應該轉為對生命的絕對尊重，加工自殺罪因而不具有處罰正當性，同時得被害人承諾的適用範圍應該擴大到生命法益的處分可能。安寧緩和醫療條例與病人自主權利法應該實質尊重病人自主意願，但如果違反兩法，並不一定會連結刑事責任，因為刑法對於得被害人承諾仍有獨立判斷空間。

This essay explores the problem of lex Lata, the judgements of the European court of human rights, and relative discussion in Germany. The essay stands that regardless of illness or not, the autonomy of life decisions should be respected. Based on this principle, offenses of assisting Suicide and killing upon request are not justified in being criminalized. The application range of the victim’s consent should also be enlarged to personal life. Both the hospice palliative care act and the patient right to autonomy act should substantively respect the patient’s autonomy. Nevertheless, it’s not necessarily to entail criminal Liability when violating these acts. Criminal law still has its margin to determine whether the requirements of the victim’s consent are fulfilled.