產後婦女社會支持和母乳哺餵態度相關性探討

Exploration of the Correlation Between Social Support and Breastfeeding Attitudes of Postpartum Women

目的：驗證產後支持問卷中文版的信效度並了解產婦社會支持和母乳哺餵態度的相關性。方法：採橫斷式研究設計，方便取樣中部某區域醫院婦產科門診之產後六週婦女244位為研究對象。中文版產後支持問卷以內容效度指標、探索性因素分析及Cronbach's α進行信效度檢定。問卷內容包含個人基本資料、中文版產後支持問卷和愛荷華嬰兒餵食態度量表，所得資料以SPSS 22套裝歉體進行描述性及推論性統計分析。結果：中文版產後支持問卷內容效度指標均達0.8分以上。經因素分析後，分別在「幫助的重要性」和「所接受到的幫助」這二部分，各萃取出四個因素，可解釋之總變異量分別為58.87％和62.72％，而內部一致性Cronbach's α值分別為0.94和0.96。研究對象產後支持之幫助重要性和年齡、母乳哺餵態度和所接受到幫助呈顯著正相關。職業與產後支持之幫助重要性有顯著差異。餵奶方式和母乳哺餵態度有顯著差異，採母乳哺餵的婦女較採配方奶和混合餵食的婦女有較正向的母乳哺餵態度。結論：中文版產後支持問卷具有信效度，可以作為評估產婦社會支持程度的工具。社會支持和母乳哺餵態度有正相關，且職業婦女有較高社會支持的需求。本研究結果可為提升產後母乳哺餵行為提供指引。

Purposes: This study was conducted to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Postpartum Support Questionnaire and understand the correlation between social support and breastfeeding attitudes of postpartum women. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted, and convenience sampling was applied to recruit 244 women at six weeks postpartum from the obstetrics and gynecology clinic of a regional hospital in central Taiwan. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Postpartum Support Questionnaire were tested by content validity index, exploratory factor analysis, and Cronbach's α. The questionnaire included basic personal information, the Chinese version of the Postpartum Support Questionnaire, and the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS 22 software package. Results: The content validity index of the Chinese version of the Postpartum Support Questionnaire reached above 0.8. After factor analysis, four factors were extracted from each of the two parts, 'the importance of help' and 'the help received' The total explanatory variance was 58.87% and 62.72%, while the Cronbach's α values of internal consistency were 0.94 and 0.96. The importance of help in postpartum support for the research participants showed a significant positive correlation with age, breastfeeding attitudes, and the help received. Career showed a significant difference in the importance of help in postpartum support. Women with different ways of feeding showed significant differences in breastfeeding attitudes. Those adopting breastfeeding had a more positive attitude towards breastfeeding than those adopting formula milk or mixed feeding. Conclusions: The Chinese version of the Postpartum Support Questionnaire has good reliability and validity and can serve as a tool for evaluating the degree of social support for postpartum women. A positive correlation was observed between social support and breastfeeding attitudes, and career women had a higher demand for social support. The results of this study can provide guidance for improving postpartum breastfeeding behavior.