唯物史觀台灣史的可能性：試論劉進慶《戰後台灣經濟分析》原稿的台灣史論

The Possibility of Interpreting Taiwan History with Historical Materialism: A Tentative Discussion on the History of Taiwan in the Manuscript of Analysis of Taiwan’s Post-War Economy by Liu Shinkei

劉進慶《戰後台灣經濟分析》是以戰後二十年台灣經濟為研究對象的名著，但其原稿即提交給東京大學的博士論文卻與正式出版者頗有差異。原稿保留了他以相當篇幅分析近世（Early Modern）晚明到戰後二十年的台灣歷史敘述，並以「半封建性」、「殖民地性」，以及資本主義等切入點，開展唯物史觀式的台灣歷史分期。他認為台灣自近世晚明以來就具有某種殖民地性與半封建性：前者根源於持續不斷的移民，後者則根源於漢人社會的封建性向半封建性的自主演化。然而近代（Modern）晚清卻開啟了另一種殖民地性與半封建性，並持續到戰後二十年：近代的殖民地性存在於二重經濟，即外來資本主義與本土半封建性之間的並存，近代的半封建性則因外國資本主義的支配與保存而失去自主演化能力。由於劉進慶試圖以上述解釋作為台灣在戰後二十年仍是殖民地性．半封建性社會的歷史背景，導致其原稿的歷史解釋與戰後台灣優異的經濟表現相當扞格，並促使正式出版的《戰後台灣經濟分析》努力淡化原稿的近世歷史分析以淡化半封建性。雖其淡化成效有限，未盡之處卻為1980年代及其後的劉進慶留下長期回應的課題，並為唯物史觀可否應用於台灣史留下實驗的印記。

Liu Shinkei (Liu Jinqing)’s Analysis of Taiwan’s Post-War Economy is a famous work explaining Taiwan’s economy in the two decades after the war, but its manuscript, the doctoral dissertation submitted to the University of Tokyo, is quite different from the version officially published in 1975. The manuscript retains his narration of Early Modern (Kinsei) history of Taiwan, and uses “semi-feudality”(han-houkensei), “coloniality”(syokumintisei), and “capitalism” and other historical materialistic concepts to divide “Taiwan History” into different historical stages. He believes that Taiwan has been “colonial” and “semi-feudal” since Early Modern: “coloniality” is rooted in continuous immigration, and “semi-feudality” is rooted in the autonomous evolution of Han society from “feudality” to “semi-feudality.” However, Modern (Kindai) created another type of “semi-feudality” and “semi-feudality”, which lasted until 1965. Liu Shinkei’s characterization of Taiwan in the two decades after WWII as still a “colonial-semifeudal society” in his original 1972 manuscript could not explain Taiwan’s excellent economic performance after the war. Therefore, he rewrote the 1975 version of Analysis of Taiwan’s Post-War Economy with great effort in an attempt to downplay various arguments and concepts that had over-emphasized the premodern characteristics. While the 1975 rewrite as limited in achieving this goal, the unresolved intellectual tasks had guided Liu Shinkei’s work in the 1980s and beyond. In addition, this body of work has also left an important historical benchmark for its experimental attempt to apply historical materialism to the history of Taiwan.