區塊鏈共謀的反壟斷監管

Antitrust Supervision of Blockchain Collusion

在數位化轉型的全球背景下，區塊鏈技術的出現為數位經濟與數位法治提供了一種新型治理架構，也為各國的經濟與法治生態發展創造了新機遇。然而，私有鏈的“黑箱效應”為共謀提供了“生長溫床”，即使是開放、公開的公共鏈也可能出現將非法共謀轉化為默契合作的新型共謀樣態。加之，人工智慧、演算法與區塊鏈的結合使區塊鏈共謀具備自主學習的動態特徵，加劇了鏈上經營者彼此之間或經營者與交易相對人之間的共謀風險。為了弱化甚至規避區塊鏈共謀在集中市場資源、濫用市場支配地位、限制與排除競爭等方面的不良影響，有必要從反壟斷監管的核心視角制定共識性的技術標準、監管規則、監管策略，形成“技術治理＋規範治理”的二元治理結構。

In the global context of digital transformation, the emergence of blockchain technology provides a new governance framework for the digital economy and the digital rule of law, and also creates new opportunities for the economic and legal ecology of various countries. However, the “black box effect” of private blockchain provides a breeding ground for collusion, and even the public blockchain may appear a new pattern of collusion that transforms illegal collusion into tacit cooperation. In addition, the combination of artificial intelligence, algorithms, and blockchain enables blockchain collusion to have the dynamic characteristics of self-learning, which intensifies the risk of collusion between operators or between operators and counterparties on the blockchain. To weaken or even avoid the adverse effects of blockchain collusion in concentrating market resources, abusing market dominance, restricting and eliminating competition, etc. , it is necessary to formulate consensus technical standards, regulatory rules, and regulatory strategies from the core perspective of anti-monopoly supervision, forming a dual governance structure of “technical governance + normative governance”.