2021年民事程序法發展回顧：訴權保障與審判權確定

A Retrospective of the Development of the Civil Law in 2021

2020及2021年開始對民事訴訟法為重大修正，進行21世紀本土化民事訴訟制度之第2波改革。首先係保障人民之訴權，於其起訴欠缺當事人適格或權利保護要件而可以補正之情形，要求審判長定期先命補正，保障當事人受本案判決而終局解決紛爭之訴訟權。其次是儘速確定審判權之歸屬。除容許當事人合意選擇由普通法院裁判之外，就審判權之消極衝突，改由各審判權之終審法院予以指定，而不必經大法官解釋，以明快解決法院間審判權之爭議。

In 2020 and 2021, a major revision of the Civil Procedure Law was introduced, and the second wave of reform of the localized Civil Procedure Law in the 21st century has been carried out. The first thing is to protect the right of action. In order to protect the right of access to the courts and to ensure that people can receive judgement to finally resolve disputes, Civil Procedure Law requires the presiding judge to give a chance to amend in a period of time when lacking of quality of party or interests of litigation. The second thing is to ascertain the jurisdiction in order to quickly resolve the conflict of jurisdiction between different system of courts. In addition to allowing the parties to consensually choose to be adjudicated by the ordinary courts, the Court of Final Appeal of each jurisdiction should assign jurisdiction to confirm which court has jurisdiction instead of explaining by the Chancellor when the negative conflict of jurisdiction happens.