論國際刑事法院之被害人權利與程序參與

Crime Victim Rights and Participation Procedures in the International Criminal Court

羅馬規約係第一部明文保障犯罪被害人參與刑事程序權與相關保護、賠償措施的國際刑事法規，使得國際刑事法院成為「犯罪被害人權利保護」的指標性法院。國際刑事法院所管轄的犯罪包含滅絕種族罪、危害人類罪、戰爭罪及侵略罪等牽連廣闊之犯罪。因此，國際刑事法院亦被賦予重新團結被撕裂的社會之重責大任，而被害人參與程序的制度化即是落實此一目的的重要制度。國際刑事法院的被害人參與訴訟的權利包含「訴訟上的參與權」以及「訴訟程序及相關資訊的知情權」，然此一權利的落實，仍有諸多爭議與執行上的難處。本文將針對國際刑事法院的被害人訴訟程序參與權之歷史發展與現況為討論，並分析現在國際刑事法院的被害人參與制度所面臨的問題與質疑。

Rome Statute is the first international criminal law thatexpressly guarantees the right of victims of crime to participatein criminal procedures and related protection and compensationmeasures. Thus, the International Criminal Court has become anindicator court for the protection of the rights of victims of crime.Crimes under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Courtincluded Crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, warcrimes, and crimes of aggression. In addition, the InternationalCriminal Court has also been given the heavy responsibility ofreuniting the torn society. The institutionalization of the victim’sparticipation in the ICC proceedings is an important system forthis purpose. The right of victims to participate in theInternational Criminal Court includes “the right to participate inlitigation” and “the right to know the proceedings and related information.” However, there are still many disputes anddifficulties in the implementation of this right. This article willfocus on the historical development and current status of thevictim’s right to participate in the proceedings of theInternational Criminal Court. And analyzes the problems andchallenges faced by the victim participation system of theInternational Criminal Court.