積極情感展示作為自我陳述策略──比較不同國家女性Instagram自拍

Positive Affect Display as Self-Presentation Strategy- Comparing Female Selfies Across Different Countries On Instagram

個人使用積極情感展示達成印象管理目標在人際互動與組織工作中已被證實，線上互動也是社會生活重要部分。本文企圖回答情感展示作為自我陳述策略的情況，與其跨國差異性，透過內容分析檢視1,800 幅台灣、日本與美國女性自拍，了解積極的情感展示是否被運用為特定自我陳述策略，來傳遞關於自我的資訊，包括眼神聯繫、微笑、動覺社交（手勢與拍照姿勢）及影像後製為身體疊加可愛圖樣，以進行線上的形象管理。 研究發現台灣女性偏好使用微笑及眼神聯繫，日本女性偏好使用可愛表情、動作或姿勢並後製可愛圖案。美國女性在各項情感表達行為使用程度最低，自拍更像是呈現個人獨立風格的肖像畫。台灣與日本自拍展示積極情感，女性在鏡頭前投入較高的正向情感量，進行選擇性的自我陳述，但微笑與聯繫眼神也常用在專業形象照中，與其它照片情態似無差異，這讓台灣自拍體現拍照中的社會情感儀式性。日本自拍則更像一種專屬社交媒體的科技遊戲。研究發現有助於增進社交媒體素養，讓人們對自拍更加理解。

Individuals display positive affect to achieve impression management goals. This phenomenon has been documented by research on interpersonal communication and organizational work. Online interaction is also an important part of social life. This article content analyzes 1,800 female selfies from Taiwan, Japan and the United States in order to understand whether positive affect display is used as specific self-presentation strategy to convey information about self. The expressive modalities examined include eye contact, smile, kinesthetic sociality (gestures and postures) and cute graphic patterns being superimposed to body image for online image management. Research has found that Taiwan’s selfies prefer to use smiles and eye contact, while Japan’s selfies prefer to use cute gestures or postures and patternators. American selfies least use positive affect display, making own selfies more like individual self-portrait paintings. Selfies from Taiwan and Japan display more positive emotions, apparently devoting a higher amount of positive emotions in front of the camera. However, smile and eye contact are also commonly used in professional photos. This perhaps reflects the fact that Taiwan’s selfies employ ritualistic formality of social emotions. Japan’s selfies are more like a technology game on social media. Research findings help to improve social media literacy and make people better understand selfies.