德國與我國跟蹤騷擾法制之比較分析

A Comparative Study of Anti -Stalking Law in Germany and Taiwan

隨著科技的發展，跟蹤騷擾行為的樣態也在進化。德國為打擊新型態的網路跟蹤騷擾（Cyberstalking）與跟蹤騷擾軟體（Stalkerware），提出德國刑法第238條的修法。相較於我國跟蹤騷擾行為刑事處罰剛剛起步，德國早於2007年將跟蹤騷擾罪納入刑法當中。經過15年與2次的法條修正，在德國法學界積累了許多討論。2021年10月1日德國亦針對其刑法第238條之跟蹤騷擾罪（Nachstellung）進行了最新的一次法律修正。本文將簡要介紹德國刑法第238條跟蹤騷擾罪之立法背景與發展，並聚焦在德國最新一次修正的分析。在經過漫長的朝野討論後，我國於2021年12月1日正式公布跟蹤騷擾防制法，並定於2022年6月1日正式施行。本文希冀透過比較德國刑法第238條跟蹤騷擾罪與我國跟蹤騷擾防制法，提出未來我國跟蹤騷擾法制之發展建議。

As technology develops, so does the pattern of stalking and harassment. In response, Germany proposes an amendment to Article 238 of the German Criminal Code in order to combat the new types of cyberstalking and stalkerware. Compared with the criminal punishment of stalking and harassment in Taiwan, which has just started, Germany incorporated stalking and harassment into the Criminal Code as early as 2007. After 15 years and two revisions of the law, many discussions have been accumulated in the German jurisdiction. On October 1, 2021, Germany carried out the latest legal amendment on the crime of stalking and harassment (Nachstellung) in Article 238 of its Criminal Code. This article will briefly introduce the legislative background and development of the crime of stalking and harassment in Article 238 of the German Criminal Code, and focus on the analysis of the latest amendment in Germany. Taiwan officially announced on December 1, 2021, after long discussions by the ruling and opposition parties, the stalking and harassment prevention law. With its implementation on June 1, 2022, this article hopes to put forward suggestions for the future development of Taiwan's anti-stalking law by comparing Article 238 of the German Criminal Code with the anti-stalking law in Taiwan.