基於水能糧鏈結的地方創生治理模式初探

A Preliminary Study of The Local Revitalization Governance Model Based on WEF Nexus

隨著經濟發展以及科技進步，人口向都市集中的現象日趨極端，導致嚴重的城鄉差距問題，與此同時，多數亞洲國家面臨人口結構快速老化的困境，致使鄉鎮遭受人口外流及老化的雙重衝擊，遂出現了生活機能瀕臨崩潰的現象。為了緩解此一問題，日本政府首先提出地方創生政策，企圖振興地方經濟、促進人口回流。然而現行之地方創生政策，往往在政府轉為支援性質之後，其政策效果就因牽動複雜區域關係、社會與自然資源等問題，遭遇難以延續的困境。為應對此一困境，本研究嘗試導入在永續治理議題上，發展已久的水、能源和糧食鏈結（Water-Energy-Food Nexus, WEF Nexus）理論，探索基於WEF 鏈結的地方創生治理模式。研究主要應用文獻分析法，析探WEF 鏈結研究的發展背景、理論與研究進展，並針對國際上主要推動WEF 鏈結研究之機構所提出的概念模型，進行比較分析，歸納各模型的架構以及所納入的影響因素，作為建構地方創生治理模式的基礎。基此，研究進一步基於WEF 鏈結框架的歸納成果，結合地方創生概念內涵，初步提出基於水糧能鏈結的於地方創生治理模式。模型以水、能源和糧食三項基本元素的鏈結關係為核心，並納入七項外部影響因素維度，分別為經濟、自然環境、人口、創新、文化社會、利害關係人以及治理。研究建議後續研究可基於此一治理模式框架，導入更具體的治理理論，如多中心治理（polycentric governance）、後設治理（metagoverance）理論，以更貼近實務應用場域，同時也為後續構建可量化運算的系統模型，執行情境模擬、政策評估和預測等研究鋪墊根基。

With economic development and technological advancement, the phenomenon of population concentration in cities has become increasingly extreme, leading to a serious urban-rural gap problem. At the same time, most Asian countries are facing the predicament of rapid aging of the population structure, causing towns and villages to suffer from the dual impact of population exodus and aging. Then there appeared the phenomenon of life function on the verge of collapse. In order to alleviate this problem, the Japanese government first proposed a local revitalization policy in an attempt to revitalize the local economy and promote the population. However, the current policies often encounter difficulties that are difficult to sustain due to problems affecting complex regional relations, society, and natural resources. To cope with this dilemma, this research attempts to combine Water-Energy-Food Nexus (WEF Nexus) theory, and explore the local revitalization governance model based on WEF nexus. The research mainly uses the literature analysis method to analyze the background, theories and research development of WEF Nexus research, compares and analyzes the conceptual models proposed by the institutions that mainly promote WEF Nexus research. The study summarizes the structure of each model and the influencing factors included as the basis for constructing the governance model of local revitalization. The research is further based on the summary results of the WEF link framework, combined with the connotation of the concept of local creation, and initially proposes a local revitalization governance model based on WEF nexus. The model centers on the linkage of the three basic elements of water, energy, and food, and includes seven external influencing factors, namely economy, natural environment, population, innovation, cultural society, stakeholders, and governance. The research suggests that follow-up research can be based on this framework and add more specific governance theories, such as polycentric governance and metagoverance, to get closer to practice. At the same time, it also pave the way for the construction of quantitative models, the implementation of scenario simulation, policy evaluation and forecasting research.