以互動式VR體驗學習系統輔助工地高危害職安教育之效益評估

The Effectiveness of VR-Based Interactive Safety Training System for Hazardous Construction Site Scenarios

職災事故多肇因於個人不安全行為及不安全狀態，而勞工自身擁有的安全知識、安全態度以及安全行為，更是控制危害發生與否之關鍵因素。因此，如何透過有效的營建職安教育方法，讓勞工確切認知工地潛在之危害，並矯正不安全行為，以避免職業災害發生，為當前營建勞安管理最重要的課題。過去研究發現沉浸式互動情境教育之知識內化成效，遠高於傳統靜態聽講課程。因此，本研究透過國內營造業勞工不安全行為態樣調查、職災案例、專家會議、工地/職災現場個案訪談等研究文獻資料，應用VR 技資訊科，開發「工地高危害事故VR 體驗互動學習雛型系統」，以輔助工地職安教育訓練。經過117 位學員於實驗室及工地現場實測發現，本「工地高危害事故VR 體驗互動學習雛型系統」對於學員之護具安全檢查成績平均提升10.15%；對於不同工種之專業流程之勞安測驗成績，平均提升19.08%；另外，經問卷調查及Cronbach α 信度係數檢測發現，勞工對於本工地高危害事故VR 體驗互動學習系統之學習興趣高於傳統職安教育訓練方式，且本系統確實能顯著提升勞工學員之安全知識，對於強化勞工在工作場所中的自我安全維護，並提升對職場危害因子的敏感度，避免意外事故發生，極具實用價值。

Construction accidents are primarily caused by workers’ unsafe behaviors or unsafe site conditions. The safety knowledge, cognition and behavior of the construction workers are the key in preventing the occurrence of construction hazards. How to improve workers’ safety knowledge and consciousness by occupational safety training is critical to protect the construction laborer from hazards. Previous studies have shown that the safety training by invasive interactions is more effective than traditional lecturing courses in internalization of construction safety knowledge and awareness. The current research adopts various methods, e.g. literature review on workers’ unsafe behaviors, survey of construction accidents, focused group meetings, and field visits to construction accident sites, to develop a “Virtual Reality-based Interactive Education System for construction hazards (VRIES)” that can assist construction safety training programs. According to the result of system testing and survey of 117 trainees, it is found that construction workers’ safety scores are improved by 10.15% for personal safety equipment selection and by 19.08% for process safety inspection of different construction tasks; moreover, the trainees are more actively involved in the VR-based safety training activities than the traditional ones. Moreover, the testing results show significant improvement of the workers’ construction safety knowledge and awareness after training with the proposed VRIES. It is concluded that the proposed VRIES shows great potential to enhance the safety knowledge, cognition and behavior of the construction workers, so as to prevent the occurrence of construction accidents.