論比例原則在知識產權損害賠償中的適用

On the Proportionality Principle of Compensation for Infringement of Intellectual Property Right

比例原則的基本功能在於，對彼此間存在衝突的原則進行權衡，以確定原則的合理實現程度。在知識產權侵權損害賠償訴訟中，完全賠償原則的遵循需要以對損害進行規範評價為基本前提。在這一評價過程中，權利人的利益救濟與行為人的競爭、經營自由之間的價值碰撞決定了比例原則適用的必要性。對法官而言，比例原則在知識產權侵權損害賠償中的適用主要圍繞損害事實認定中的價值權衡與損害輕重判斷中的價值權衡展開。其中，對損害事實有無的價值權衡主要體現在商標侵權領域；而對損害輕重的價值權衡主要考量涉案權利的受保護力度、行為的違法性強弱以及行為人過錯輕重等因素，並通過損害的定位、賠付的標準、損害的原因力等途徑得以體現。

The basic function of proportionality principle is balancing principles that conflict with each other, which is helpful to ascertain the degree of realization of the principle. In lawsuit on intellectual property infringement damages, the compliance of the principle of complete compensation needs to be based on the normative evaluation of the damage. It determines the necessity of applying the proportionality principle. For the judge, the application of proportionality principle should weigh two aspects, which are the fact of damage and the severity of damage. Among them, the value balance of the fact of damage is mainly reflected in the field of trademark infringement; and the value balance of the severity of the damage is mainly based on the degree of protection of the rights involved, the illegality of the behavior, and the severity of the fault. It is reflected through the positioning of the damage, the standard of compensation, and the causative power of the damage.