潘查希拉視閾下印尼華人身份認同困境

Indonesian Chinese Identity Dilemma from the Perspective of Pancasila

作為世界上華人最多的國家，印尼自建國以來的很長一段時間內對華人實施壓制政策和同化政策，印尼當地族群對華人也存在抵觸和排斥情緒，華人經濟地位與政治地位失配。潘查希拉是指導印尼政治、文化與社會生活的基本準則，其中包含了民族平等和宗教信仰自由等基本原則，但印尼建國以來發生的諸多排華事件表明潘查希拉在政府政策層面的解釋不足和表達缺失，潘查希拉與具體實踐之間存在悖論。本文以潘查希拉為理論分析框架，根據印尼華人政策的演變，對印尼華人身份認同困境的要素與原因進行探討。

As the country with the largest number of overseas Chinese in the world, the Indonesian government has imposed a policy of suppression and assimilation on overseas Chinese since the founding of Indonesia. The Indonesian ethnic group also had resistance and rejection to overseas Chinese, and overseas Chinese political status has not kept up with their economic status. The five principles of Pancasila are the basic norms guiding the political, cultural and social life of Indonesia. They include spiritual principles such as ethnic equality and freedom of religious beliefs. However, many anti-Chinese events since the founding of the Republic of Indonesia indicate that Pancasila’s say in the level of government policy is insufficient, and there is a paradox between Pancasila's five principles and specific practices. This paper takes Pancasila's basic principles as the theoretical analysis framework, and discusses the elements and causes of Indonesian Chinese identity dilemma according to the evolution of Indonesian Chinese policy.