歷史記憶、他者觀照與現實隱喻：新加坡國家建構的文化圖像

Historical Memory, Others Watching and Reality Metaphor: A Cultural Image of Singapore’s Nation-building

國家建構是當代國家理論的核心議題。隨著「民族－國家」理論的發展，文化要素在國家建構中所扮演的角色愈受重視。新加坡，這個從無到有，且在持續不斷形塑自身的國家，是東南亞國家建構成功的典範。現有對新加坡國家建構的研究雖涵蓋了諸多方面，惟缺對影像藝術角色之探究。實際則是現代視覺影像的發展，為「想像共同體」這個「同時性觀念」的政治建構提供了更多可能，並使之更為便捷、更具隱祕性。《霧鎖南洋》作為新加坡廣播局製作的第一部本土歷史電視劇，呈現了新加坡華人先輩南來開荒置業扎根當地，而後經歷日本南侵以及戰後人民覺醒實現獨立建國，最後投身國家建設的歷史進程。茲以之為研究課題，採用深度描述和文本分析的研究方法，在歷史、他者與現實三維座標的參照比較中，從事件背後來立體呈現新加坡國家建構的影像「技藝」：人民行動黨政府透過電視劇呈現出歷史與現實、他者與本土的比較，引發新加坡民眾主動／被動之思考，以趨向於一個新加坡國家認同不斷發展的軌跡。

Nation-building is the core issue of contemporary state theory. With the development of the theory of “national - state”, the role of cultural elements in Nation-building is paid more and more attention. Singapore, the country from scratch, and in the continued shape of the country, is a model for the successful construction of the Southeast Asian countries. The existing research on the Nation-building of the Singapore covers many aspects, but lack of exploration of the role of the image art. The reality is that the development of modern visual images provides more possibilities and makes it more convenient and more secretive for the political construction of the “imagination community”. “The awakening” as the Singapore Broadcasting Bureau produced the first local historical drama, showing the Singapore Chinese ancestors to make Land reclamation and then experience home invasion of Japan and the people’s awakening to achieve independence, finally join the historical process of national construction. Taking it as the research object, we use the research method of depth description and text analysis, in the reference comparison of the three dimensions coordinate between history memory and the otherness and reality political metaphor, and show the way of Singapore’s national building from behind the event. The results show the art of Singapore nation-building is that the people’s Action Party government through TV shows the history and reality, and other, caused the people of Singapore active/passive thinking, then tend to form a Singapore national identity development path. This study will provide some reference for the existing nation-building theory.