菲律賓選舉民主的轉變：“質變”亦或“形變”？

Transition of Electoral Democracy in the Philippines: Regime under Change or Regime under Disguise ?

在「後馬可仕時期」的菲律賓，最受外界矚目的現象似乎就是「非寡頭菁英」的快速崛起。這群菁英份子透過鮮明的形象塑造、特殊的選舉策略和大眾媒體的多重運用，進而成爲菲律賓政壇上的新勢力。誠然，他們的崛起給外界所帶來的直接回響，似乎就是「寡頭民主」的體制即將發生轉變；然而，另一方面，該情況也有可能僅是「寡頭民主」的另一種形變。爲深入釐清其中的原委，本研究將針對「後馬可仕時期」的幾次關鍵性選舉、特定菁英的選戰策略以及他們的決策過程等課題進行探討，本文期望藉此發掘導致菲律賓選舉民主轉變的最終根源所在。

One of the most recent and significant phenomena in the Philippines during the post-Marcos era has been the rapid political emergence of non-oligarchic elite groups. These new elites arising from non-privileged sections of the society never fail to take full advantages of a very particular style of electoral campaigning. Their special election strategies and their relationship with the mass media have made a group of rising politicians become a new force within the specific political context of the Philippines.While it would be reasonable to expect this political phenomenon to trigger profound democratic changes to the previously unchallenged oligarchy of the economic class, there is also a possibility that it could result in the creation of a merely different version of oligarchy. In this article the author intends to evaluate the key aspects that determine the scene of democratic elections in the Philippines. This article, therefore, will be aimed at examining the connection between the results of some key elections, the electoral strategies deployed by specific political elite groups, and the process of their decision making since the post-Marcos era.