違憲審查、公民投票與國會立法之間的角力與折衝：我國同性婚姻合法化的歷程

The Tension and Negotiation among Judicial Review, Referendum, and Legislation: The Course of Legalizing Same-sex Marriage in Taiwan

立法院於2019年5月通過同性婚姻專法，我國成為亞洲第一個同性婚姻合法化的國家。綜觀世界各國的經驗，同性婚姻合法化主要是透過國會立法（立法模式）、違憲審查（司法模式）或公民投票（公投模式）等三種模式「分別」實現。除了極罕見的公投模式外，本文發現，在同性婚姻合法化的兩種主要模式──立法模式與司法模式中，立法模式較容易出現在內閣制國家，司法模式則較容易出現在總統制國家。而台灣經驗的罕見之處，在於同性婚姻合法化的歷程涵蓋了違憲審查、公民投票與國會立法等過程，融合了司法、公投與立法等三種模式。本文對大法官違憲審查的釋憲內容、公民投票與大法官釋憲之間的角力，以及國會立法在公民投票與大法官釋憲之間的折衝，進行了法理分析與政治分析，並清楚描繪我國同性婚姻合法化歷程迥異於世界各國的特殊經驗。

The Legislative Yuan passed the same-sex marriage bill in May 2019, making Taiwan the first country in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage. In view of the experiences of other countries, their legalizations of same-sex marriage were realized ''separately'' through three approaches: legislation, judicial review, or referendum. Put aside the approach of referendum, which is rarely seen around the world, the approach of legislation is usually seen in the countries adopting parliamentary system, and the approach of judicial review is usually seen in the countries adopting presidential system. What is unusual about Taiwan's experience is that the course of legalizing same-sex marriage covers all the three processes: judicial review, referendum, and legislation. From legal and political perspectives, the paper, analyzes the content of the judicial review, the tension between the referendum and the judicial review, and the parliamentary negotiation and legislation passing the same-sex marriage bill. Taiwan's special experience in the legalization of same-sex marriage, which is very different from that of other countries, is clearly described in the paper.