廣島和約伯：《廣島之戀》與齊克果宗教哲學中對比之「重覆」現象

Hiroshima and Job: Contrasted＂Repetition＂in Duras's Hiroshima Mon Amour and Kierkegaard's Religious Philosophy

此研究嘗試對比兩種「重覆」現象與概念，一為封閉性重覆，致使創傷後心靈受困於苦痛過往和死亡記憶永恆復返之牢籠。一為「瞬間」的自由和生命更新之不斷重覆。前者係根據電影《廣島之戀》結合廣島原爆的災難歷史和戰後愛情故事所呈現的重覆現象，深入探討女主角「廣島式」的愛情經歷如何具現充滿絕望的重覆類型，此類型雖符合佛洛伊德對重覆的定義與分析，卻無法實現精神分析的療癒許諾。依此視角，「廣島」既為歷史創傷的象徵，亦為不可能的遺忘與回憶以及無法療癒的重覆性痛苦之隱喻。後者見諸於齊克果宗教哲學思想，特別聚焦於齊氏重覆概念之典型代表，即飽受創傷打擊卻無改虔誠信仰之舊約人物約伯。通過「廣島」和約伯體現兩種對比的重覆生活，最終論證，效法約伯擁抱自由、生命與存在可能，將創造現在與未來加倍的祝福，並可為創傷記憶的封閉性重覆所禁錮的生命提供重獲希望的解脫之道。

his study aims to contrast two conceptions and phenomena of ＂repetition＂ which lead the post-trauma mind into the imprisonment of the eternal return, i.e., ＂blocked repetition,＂ of the painful past or, alternatively, into the double blessing of freedom and renewal of life. Via revisiting the contra-therapeutic phenomenon of repetition represented in Duras's film-text, Hiroshima Mon Amour, the first target of investigation is set on the despairing type of repetition embodied in the heroine's love life, namely, her ＂personal Hiroshima.＂ From this perspective, ＂Hiroshima＂ is deliberated as not only the emblem of traumatic memory but also a metaphor of victimhood of impossible forgetting/memory and the incurable repetition of historical pain. Against this problematic kind of repetition, for which either the psychoanalytic approach or the Hiroshima writer, Duras, has no promise of cure, the second part of investigation means to scrutinize a different conception of ＂repetition＂ in Kierkegaard's religious philosophy, with the special attention paid to his treatment of the afflicted but pious Job of the Old Testament as its ＂living＂ model. To Kierkegaard, Job represents the prototype of a trauma-devastated sufferer but chooses ＂repetition＂ as his way of living and becomes a healed, double-blessed, and liberated man of God, which is treated by Kierkegaard as ＂a principle of guidance to every man.＂ This understanding of Job is based on Kierkegaard's modern, psychological, and profoundly religious and philosophical understanding of what ＂repetition＂ means to human existence. At the core of the Kierkegaardian repetition as exemplified by Job, the biblical man of religious piety, is the idea of passion for freedom, possibility, and life. Via examining the phenomenon and concept of repetition in terms of two different lived situations demonstrated respectively in the Hiroshima film and in Kierkegaard's interpretation of Job, the whole study looks to reflect on the existential possibilities when ＂repetition＂ is unavoidable yet may not be hopelessly pathetic even for a death-preoccupied heart of pain. Ultimately, the study observes that contrary to ＂Hiroshima,＂ i.e., the ＂blocked repetition＂ of the horror of memory, Kierkegaard's Job embodies the religious repetition that promises hope, as Job, out of religious piety, chooses to re-live not the past but ＂the event of the instant＂ that creates the present and the future as well as a life of freedom and possibility.