臺灣碳捕集及封存（CCS）技術法規建構方向探討

A STUDY ON THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE IN TAIWAN

IEA發表的2019年世界能源展望（World Energy Outlook 2019）報告指出，若要使2050年全球溫室氣體排放量減少至2°C情境（2DS）目標，需藉由能源效率提升、再生能源發展及碳捕集及封存技術（Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS）等溫室氣體減量技術，其中碳捕集及封存技術所貢獻之減量潛力效果將占9%，CCS被國際視為重要的減碳關鍵技術。碳捕集與封存技術已納入聯合國氣候變化綱要公約之清潔發展機制（CDM）中，有助於碳捕集與封存技術在開發中國家推廣與擴大市場規模，加速技術達到成熟階段。從過去國際推動CCS計畫之案例經驗可知，絕大多數在進行二氧化碳地質封存計畫的過程中會遭遇到技術性與非技術性困難，而非技術性困難主要為法規不明，需要逐步克服。依據國際上CCS法制化歷程及經驗，因捕集和運輸之議題通常可藉由現行法規管理，但封存技術因涉及面向較廣，因此為各國法規優先研修方向，並以地質封存為主。我國現行在封存階段並無合適可遵循之相關規範，因此依循國際訂定CCS法規之經驗及邏輯，探討我國法規建構短、中長期之方向。

The World Energy Outlook 2019 report published by the IEA pointed out that in order to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions to the 2°C scenario (2DS) target by 2050, greenhouse gas reduction technologies such as energy efficiency improvement, renewable energy development, and carbon capture and storage are needed. Among them, the reduction potential effect contributed by carbon capture and storage technology will account for 9%. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is regarded as an important key technology for carbon reduction internationally. From the past experience of cases of international promotion of CCS projects, it can be seen that most of the technical and non-technical difficulties will be encountered in the process of carbon dioxide geological storage projects. The non-technical difficulties are mainly unclear regulations and need to be overcome gradually. According to the international legalization process and experience of CCS, the issues of capture and transportation can usually be managed by current laws and regulations, but the storage technology involves a wide range of aspects, so it is the priority research direction for laws and regulations of various countries, and geological storage is the main focus. There are no relevant regulations that can be followed in the carbon storage stage in our country. Therefore, we will follow the experience and logic of the international formulation of CCS regulations to explore the short, medium and long-term direction of Taiwan's regulations.