從開創帝業到三宮協和：元仁宗朝前答己太后的政治活動

A Study on the Political Activities of the Empress Dowager Taki before the Reign of Renzong of Yuan

答己是世祖皇太子真金次子答剌麻八剌元妃，在答剌麻八剌死後，守寡育子十五年。大德末年，她偕同少子愛育黎拔力八達進入大都，發動政變，並順利取得政權。此後，答己稱皇太后凡十三年、稱太皇太后三年，總共長達十五年。她對朝政的影響既深且久，在元朝政壇上幾乎無人能出其右，值得深究。本文深入考察答己在仁宗朝前的政治活動，重新檢討她在大德末年皇位爭奪戰中「開創帝業」的歷程，析論她在武宗朝與皇帝及皇太子共構所謂「三宮協和」的政治新局，從中闡釋其權力基礎的形成與政治影響力的擴大，期能增進對於元中期政治史的理解。

Taki was the first concubine of Darmabala, who was the second son of J̌ingim, and the crown prince of emperor Shizu. After Darmabala’s death, Taki was widowed and brought up her sons for fifteen years. In the late years of Dade, she entered the capital with her young son Ayurbarwada, launched a coup, and successfully controlled the power. After that, she became Dowager Empress for thirteen years, Grand Dowager Empress for another three years, a total of fifteen years. She had a profound influence unsurpassed by anyone on the government of the Yuan Dynasty, which deserves a close study. This paper focuses on Taki’s political activities before the reign of Renzong of Yuan, re-examining her role in the struggle for the imperial succession in the last years of Dade, with an analysis of the new political situation in which she, the emperor and the crown prince worked together for the alleged “harmony of three palaces” in the reign of Wuzong. It will therewith explain how her power base was formed and her influence extended, which would then our understanding of the political history of the mid-Yuan.