失智老人感官知覺刺激活動場所性能與設施特性研究

A Research on the Activity Place Performance and Facility Characteristic of Sensory Stimulation for the Demented Elderly

以生活重建為導向的失智症照顧系統已成為未來的趨勢而凸顯職能治療的重要性，尤其是中度、重度失智症需要感官知覺刺激活動。本研究目的在調查失智老人照顧環境之感官知覺刺激活動需求及探討其活動場所性能、設施特性與相關影響因素。研究方法採用文獻回顧、問卷調查、皮爾森檢定統計分析，202人為研究對象，包含職能治療師、社工人員或照顧服務員，來自22所提供多元感官知覺刺激活動之照顧單位。研究結果呈現感官知覺刺激活動為視覺刺激、嗅覺刺激、聽覺刺激、觸覺刺激，活動場所性能包含安全性、便利性、可及性、熟悉性，但便利性因活動類型而有個別性需求。照顧單位也因規模大小、屬性、服務類型造成設施特性具有顯著差異。研究結果可提供照顧環境規劃感官知覺刺激活動場所之明確概念。

The orientation of life reconstruction has been the future trend for the caring system of dementia and highlighted the importance of occupational therapy. Especially, moderate and severe dementia need sensory stimulation activities. The purpose of this research was to survey the requirements of sensory stimulation activities in the caring environment for the demented elderly and to study the performance of activity places, characteristics of facility and related influence factors. Methodology of this research applied literature review, questionnaire, and Pearson statistics analysis. Two hundred and two persons, including occupational therapists, social workers and caregivers, were subjects from twenty-two dementia care facilities, in which supplied multiple sensory stimulation activities. The results of this research showed that sensory stimulation activities were visual stimulation, hearing stimulation, olfactory stimulation and tactile stimulation. Performance of activity places included safety, convenience, accessibility and familiarity, but convenience had individual requirement owing to activity type. The differences of facility characteristics between scale, attribute and service type of dementia care facilities were also significant. The results of this research can offer specific concept of planning sensory stimulation activity places in the caring environment.