儒法之間──荀子的禮法思想方法再探

Between Confucianism and Legalism: A Restudy of Xunzi’s Thinking Method of Etiquette and Law

在先秦諸子中，荀子博學深潛、樸質篤實，順承孔子外王禮憲之緒，彰顯禮義之統，尤能把握時代性，對於社會規範問題，提出人本哲學觀，揭櫫人天分離，制天用天之論，破除天命不可違的政法傳統執著，使儒學與法政思潮結合，將學術推向實際的政治，特顯理智型的凝聚。然則，荀子其人其學身後的遭遇相當特殊，因為他依違於儒法之間，歷史評價不一。本文採取「敘述」與「判斷」兼重的書寫方式，除了梳理荀子如何從人群的和諧秩序著眼，強調「禮義法度」的效果，而開展出包含禮、法、類、刑等要素在內的禮法思想外；另從當代法學方法的觀點，析論荀子禮法思想的時代背景及其內容特色，進而從知識論與語言邏輯兩個面向，分別探究其知識論上的實證取向，以及語言邏輯的效用限度，乃至禮法思想的承與變相互關係，並提出側面的評價，藉明荀子禮法思想方法在中國法思想史上的地位及其影響與意義。

Among the pre-Qin philosopher, Xunzi was erudite and profound, simple and sincere, and followed the Confucianism’s king’s ritual and constitution, showing the lineage of ritual and righteousness. In particular, he can grasp the times, put forward the humanistic philosophy for social norms, expose the separation of man and the Heaven（Ti n 天）, dominates the Heaven, breaks the political and legal traditions that fate cannot be violated, combines Confucianism with the law and political thoughts, and push academics towards Practical politics is particularly sensible cohesion. However, Xunzi’s personal experience behind his studies is quite special because he violated Confucianism and legality, and his historical evaluations are different. This article adopts both “descriptive” and “judge” in writing. In addition to sorting out how Xunzi looks at the harmonious order of the crowd, it emphasizes the effect of “rituals, justice, law,” and develops a series of elements that include etiquette, law, classification, punishment, etc. In addition to the thought of etiquette and law, from the perspective of contemporary legal methods, it analyzes the era background and content characteristics of Xunzi’s thought of etiquette and law and then explores the empirical orientation of the theory of knowledge and the logic of language from the two aspects of epistemology and language logic. This article also rethinks the limits of effectiveness and the relationship between the inheritance and change of the thoughts of ritual law, and the side evaluation are put forward to clarify the status, influence, and significance of Xunzi’s thought methods of ritual law in history of Chinese law thoughts.