遷臺初期臺灣對沿海島嶼的防禦策略調整（1950-1955）

Adjustment of Taiwan's Outer Islands Defense Strategy (1950-1955)

西元（以下同）1951 年，中華民國與美國簽訂《共同防禦互助協定》，美國據協定提供臺灣、澎湖群島軍事援助，但未包括金門、馬祖與大陳島等外島。1953 年，中共揮兵直指東南沿海，逼近大陳島，兩岸衝突迭起，顯露外島防禦弱勢。中華民國爭取美國援助，希望強化大陳島軍事防備實力，或由第七艦隊巡防島嶼嚇阻共軍，始終不得其門而入。1954 年 9 月，大陳島海域衝突劇烈化，中共改變策略，砲擊金門，掀起第一次臺海危機。幾經周折，美國將臺海危機提請聯合國仲裁，中華民國計劃在安全理事會動用否決權，最後以爭取美國援助為要務，簽訂《中美共同防禦條約》，指出防禦範圍限於臺灣、澎湖群島，無法含括中國沿海島嶼。1955 年 1 月，共軍攻占一江山島，準備進軍大陳島。2 月，臺灣鑒於海軍、空軍防衛大陳島力量薄弱，難說服美國援助大陳島，調整沿海島嶼經營策略，迅速撤離大陳島軍民。從此之後，屏障臺灣前線島嶼只剩金門、馬祖。

In 1951, the Republic of China and the United States signed the “Mutual Defense and Mutual Assistance Agreement.” According to regulations, the United States provided military assistance to Taiwan and Penghu, but did not include military defenses on the outer islands. In 1953, the People˙s Republic of China sent troops to the southeast coast and approached the outskirts of Dachen Islands. With the frequency of cross-strait conˆicts, the weak points of the defense of the outer islands of the national army have gradually been highlighted. Taiwan hopes to seek US assistance to strengthen military facilities on Dachen Islands, or to dispatch the Seventh Fleet to patrol the southeastern waters, but to no avail. In September 1954, when the conˆict between the two sides of the strait in the waters near Dachen Islands was ÿerce, the CCP suddenly shiˇed its focus and shelled Kinmen, se˝ing o° the ÿrst Taiwan Strait crisis. Aˇer many internal discussions, the United States ÿnally decided to adopt a negative strategy, which is to prepare to submit the Taiwan Strait crisis to the United Nations for arbitration by the Security Council. Taiwan wants to use its veto power in the United Nations Security Council under the basic national policy of non-contradiction between Chinese and thieves. However, it ÿnally considered that it must seek assistance from the United States. Instead, it gave up and tried to sign the Sino-US Mutual Defense Treaty with the United States. Obtain US assistance to strengthen the military defense of the outer islands. In January 1955, the CCP again targeted Dachen Islands. Under ÿerce artillery ÿre, a country fell and Dachen Islands was even more precarious. In February, Taiwan, on the proposal of the United States, evacuated the military and civilians from Dachen Islands. Previously, only Kinmen and Matsu were leˇ on the outer islands.