大冠鷲的農藥加保扶中毒案例

Cases of Crested Serpent-Eagles Poisoned by the Pesticide Carbofuran

本文報導3起大冠鷲(Spilornis cheela)確認農藥加保扶中毒案例，時間是2020年10月到2021年3月間。第一例在南投縣的果園，大冠鷲存活但有中毒症狀，在灌洗嗉囊的液體中驗出加保扶，但中毒途徑不明。第二例在台北市陽明山上，民眾使用加保扶粒劑防治草皮鼠害，隨後發現大冠鷲屍體，胃內含物是蚯蚓(Oligochaeta sp.)和雞母蟲(Scarabaeidae sp.)。第三例是在雲林縣的果園發現屍體，胃內含物是非洲大蝸牛(Achatina fulica)和澤蟹(Geothelphusa sp.)，但施藥方式不明。第二和第三例的肝臟和胃內含物都分別驗出加保扶，此外還有數種農藥殘留。由於加保扶是急性毒，因此是最有可能的直接死因，不過第三例的肝臟也驗出高濃度的殺鼠劑可滅鼠，屬於雙重中毒。這些案例顯示大冠鷲加保扶中毒並非個案，而在地表活動的無脊椎動物可能是導致中毒的重要途徑之一，加保扶粒劑對非目標生物的安全性應審慎評估。

From October 2020 to March 2021, this study discovered three cases of Crested Serpent-Eagles (Spilornis cheela) poisoned by the pesticide carbofuran in Taiwan. The first case occurred in an orchard in Nantou County. The eagle was still alive but showed symptoms of being poisoned. Carbofuran was detected in the liquid after washing its crop. However, the exposure pathway remained unclear. The second case occurred in Yangmingshan, Taipei City. A resident used carbofuran granules to prevent Formosan Blind Mole (Mogera insularis insularis) from digging holes in the sod. Later, a dead eagle was found. Earthworms (Oligochaeta sp.) and scarabaeiform larva (Scarabaeidae sp.) were found in its stomach. The third case was a dead eagle discovered in an orchard in Yunlin County. There were Africa Landsnails (Achatina fulica) and freshwater crabs (Geothelphusa sp.) in its stomach. However, the method of pesticide administration was unknown. In the second and third cases, carbofuran was both detected in the stomach content and in the livers, in addition to several other pesticides. Because carbofuran has acute toxicity, it is most likely the direct cause of death in those eagles. However, in the liver of the third case, high concentration of brodifacoum (0.304 ppm) was also identified, showing double poisoning in this case. These cases showed that the Crested SerpentEagles poisoned by carbofuran were not a single case and invertebrates that live on the land surface may be an important pathway that lead to the secondary poisoning of Crested Serpent-Eagles. The safety of carbofuran granules to non-target organisms should be carefully evaluated.