土地利用轉換之生態系統服務給付──成本效益法

Using Cost-Benefit Analysis to Assess the Payment of Forest Ecosystem Services for Land-Use Transformation in Taiwan

生態系統服務相關研究較重於生態系統服務給付政策參與意願、或生態系統服務價值研究，較少針對土地利用轉換給付政策和金額。本研究主要針對臺灣土地利用轉換之生態給付進行探討，以檳榔園、休耕農地及裸露林地為例，使用成本效益法評估土地轉換為造林之給付金額。研究結果顯示，山坡地地區檳榔園轉換為造林，淨現值減少725,310 元／公頃；其他土地利用轉換為造林地，其給付金額補貼水準已足夠。裸露林地轉為造林，淨現值增加每公頃636,388 元。平地造林地區，檳榔園轉換為造林地，淨現值增加49,255 元／公頃；休耕農地轉換為造林地，淨現值增加423,510 元／公頃。

Recently, there were many researches investigate in the ecosystem services evaluation, especially in forest ecosystem services. However, few previous researches conducted in the payment of land use changing among the Payments for Ecosystems (PES) program. Therefore, this research would focus on the land use changing payment of forest ecosystem services, using Areca garden, bared area and fallow land for example. The results indicated that the PES of the land use changing would be 479,317 NTD per hectare when the Areca garden changes into afforestation in the mountain area. Nevertheless, in the situation of bared land and fallow land changing into afforestation, the results indicated that there would not have extra payment under these two situations. According to the result, there are some advices for the government: (1) The government should provide compensation to the landowner when the land use changing from Areca land to afforestation in the mountain area. (2) The government should include different local social and environmental factors when computing and adjusting the payment of ecosystem services. (3) The following research should take the various afforestation species into consideration, regarding the growth speed, status policy and the environment factors simultaneously.