在行動中進化： 柏格森哲學的直觀

Evolution in Act: On the Concept of Intuition in Henri Bergson’s Philosophy

對柏格森而言，科學思想與生命進化從本質上相互背反：科學志在奠基與鞏固，進化則源於推翻與變化。倘若進化涉及人類認識從既知的邊界朝未知移動，這意謂著人必須掌握對變化的認識。然而變化恰恰是科學無法提供，卻在日常生活中習以為常的現象。柏格森哲學的重要性正是創造了在科學智能導向之外的進化論述，他通過藝術家的共感來說明直觀對事物的侵越性認識，表明藝術行動與哲學直觀的親緣性，有別於科學的對象式認識，使我們看見一種非分析而是在行動中發生的認識。

For Bergson, scientific thought and the evolution of life are in essence opposed to each other: science aims at foundation and consolidation, while evolution comes from overthrow and change. If evolution involves the boundaries of human understanding moving from the known to the unknown, it implies that one must have a grasp of the understanding of change. However, a change is precisely a phenomenon which science cannot provide; it is a phenomenon which constantly happens in the daily life. The importance of Bergson’s philosophy is to create a discourse on evolution that is not guided by scientific intelligence. Through the artist’s sympathy, Bergson attempts to explain how intuition has an aggressive understanding about the things, exhibiting the affinities between the artistic act and the philosophical intuition, as opposed to the scientific approach about the objects. Thus, this allows us to see an understanding which is not analytical but happening in act.