從田野調查觀察當代臺南民間國樂團的發展以──2007-2020普查資料為研究範圍

An Observation on the Development of Contemporary Local Chinese Music Orchestras in Tainan via Field Investigation: on the Census Data from 2007-2020

國樂在臺灣已經有一段歷史了，臺南之民眾因應信仰與節慶，經常在社區、鄉間舉行各種具有宗教儀式性的活動；或是為了慶祝過年、母親節、端午節、中秋節、啤酒節等，政府與地方民眾，共同舉辦聯歡慶祝活動。而透過田野調查瞭解這些活動中，經常能見到民間自組的國樂團體進行演出，這引發筆者進一步深入探析臺南市民間國樂團之情形。
本文內容主要從觀察臺南市由民間社區、寺廟或私人組織而成立的國樂團之生態，進而探討國樂團在臺南之發展。首先分析臺南市各地區學校國樂團社團之數量，以觀察扎根情形；其次從各民間國樂團的內部組織結構，觀察臺南市民間國樂團之形成過程的多種變化；其三從國樂團數量之增加觀察民眾喜愛國樂之現象；最後從臺南民間國樂團的演出場合、內容與功能，觀察臺南國樂團之發展。
本文依據田野調查資料，分析臺南市國樂團的演出場合包含了民間社會的婚喪喜慶相關活動、廟會活動、公益活動等，演出內容多以民間歌謠、臺語老歌、國語老歌為多，另外傳統國樂曲以及有關祝壽的國樂曲，也是民間國樂團經常演出的曲目。筆者期望能從社會學之角度觀察臺南市國樂發展之現象，提供相關研究者參考。

Traditional Chinese music has been introduced to Taiwan for long. People in Tainan usually hold all kinds of religious ceremonies in communities or the countryside for the cause of beliefs or festivals, or the government and civilians would celebrate together holidays, like Chinese New Year, Mothers’ Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Beer Festivals…etc. Through field investigation, we find that many local Chinese music orchestras are usually formed voluntarily to perform, which intrigues my interest in exploring further the condition of these orchestras.
This paper will discuss the development of Chinese music orchestras in Tainan, starting from the observation on the industry of Chinese music orchestras which have been formed by local communities, temples or private organizations in Tainan. First, the paper will analyze the number of the school clubs of Chinese music in Tainan and how they have been established. Then, the changes and variations of how these orchestras have been formed will be noted based on their interior organization structures. Third, the phenomena of the popularity of Chinese music orchestras among people will be discussed based on the increasing number of the orchestras. Lastly, the paper will discuss the development of Chinese music orchestras in Tainan based on analyzing the locations, content, and functions of their performances.
This paper will analyze, based on the data collected via field investigation, the performing occasions of Chinese music orchestras, including local festivals or rituals, temple fairs, non-profit activities and so on. Hopefully, this paper might be referential to researchers in related fields to note the development of Chinese music in Tainan from the sociological perspective.