政策之憲法變遷與憲法委託──以產業政策為例

Constitutional Change of Policy and Constitutional Mandate: The Case of Industrial Policy

產業為經濟學觀察客體與經濟活動現象，得為政府就特定事項以政策作為規劃與介入對象。本文藉產業政策事例，探究憲法變遷與憲法委託意義。為此，從概念與種類說明憲法上政策權及產業政策獨特性。
產業政策憲法框架本為總體憲法與部門性經濟憲法。析論憲法變遷與產業政策關係，應從變遷權誰屬著手。整體而言，產業政策與修憲變遷與憲法適用變遷較存在實質關聯。產業政策深具憲法委託性質。就政治和司法監督，須注意審查對象特殊性，自法知識論就可行性與績效管理作為監督手段。至於違憲審查須注意憲法永續發展原則、產業政策決定與基本權秩序、其他國家任務間關係，以實踐和諧原則。產業政策有其變動與未來延續因素且與國民生計、地區發展、環境永續間存有密切關聯。政策權應從可持續性定其發展策略，為世代經濟利益發揮整合憲法諸原則，引導國家發展方向。

This study takes industrial policy as an example to explore two critical aspects of constitutional theory: (1) the significance and role of constitutional change and (2) constitutional mandates. Generally, the constitutional framework of industrial policy consists of the general constitution and a sectoral economic constitution. Here, to examine the relationship between constitutional change and industrial policy, we argue the power allocation between the legislative and administrative departments is a crucial point. The mechanics of constitutional change is explored through the right to interpret the constitution, the right to amend the constitution, and the application of the constitution. Taiwan’s experience demonstrates that constitutional amendments have influenced industrial policy. Overall, a substantial correlation exists among industrial policy, the constitutional amendment, and changes in the application of the constitution.
To understand industrial policy as a constitutional mandate, this article suggests that constitutional mandates is both applied to legislative and administrative actions. The argument is established from the analysis of industrial policy’s planning, organization, and specificity. Moreover, this paper suggests the necessity of creating flexibility in constitutional supervision. The flexibility is helpful to sustain the sustainable development of the Constitution and strike a balance between industrial policy, legislative order, and the government’s missions. In other words, sustainability is key to harmonizing the Constitutional Order with economic interests and national development.