提升射箭穩定性之上肢肌群與專項肌力訓練探討

A review on muscles and strength training of the upper extremity that can improve stability of archery shooting

本文透過文獻回顧的方式，探討射箭運動員在射箭過程中主要影響射箭技術的上肢肌肉活化程度與肌力訓練的相關聯。內文收集1990 年1 月至2020 年3 月間，探討有利用肌電圖來分析引弓放箭中上肢肌肉活化程度之期刊論文，符合的文獻19 篇。綜觀文獻發現在持弓手以屈指淺肌和伸指肌兩者間相互平衡後能穩定弓身，而拉弓手的肱二頭肌、三角肌、中下斜方肌，在拉弓期以輕鬆緩慢的方式展開弓弦，之後瞄準期是穩定良好的射箭姿勢，最後放箭期是保持等長收縮後做放箭動作。本文總結在射箭分期中使用正確的肌群能提昇穩定性與運動表現，並針對專項特性建議肌力訓練動作，以提供更專業的運動知識。

This review gave an overview of upper limb muscle activity carried out by electromyography during archery shooting and related it to specific muscle training in archery. Nineteen papers related to analyses of muscle activity of the upper limbs using electromyography during archery shooting were selected from journal data base between January 1990 to March 2020. Previous studies had clearly specified on the balance of strength between musculus flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor muscle of finger of bow arm that is able to increase the stability of the riser. The biceps brachii, deltoid muscle, middle trapezius, and lower trapezius of draw arm are involved in the process of bow drawing to get a stable shooting posture for aiming, and keep the isometric contraction of muscles until releasing the arrow. The review demonstrated that using correct muscles during shooting can improve the stability and sport performance, and added knowledge on strength and conditioning training for specific archery shooting.