空氣污染概念標準化評量試題之發展及評量研究

The Development and Investigation of Standardized Assessment Forms on Air Pollution Concepts for the Middle and High Grade Students in Elementary Schools

近年來，臺灣秋冬季節空氣品質嚴重不良，對人體健康與環境造成負面影響，而小學階段學校課程中有關空氣污染概念的教學甚少，也缺乏檢測工具；因此本研究編製空氣污染概念標準化評量表，以了解小學生空氣污染概念知識的現況表現，供教師用於診斷學生空氣污染概念程度，及後續強化教學之參考。本量表之試題以林明瑞所建立之空氣污染概念圖及國內外13篇為藍本，輔以中小學教師問卷調查結果，篩選出適合國小中、高年級學童之空氣污染概念，編製成學童的空氣污染概念問卷，經一次專家內容效度審查、兩次預試，再依各試題難度、鑑別度的結果進行試題修正，以完成定稿題本。正式施測時，依比例分層抽樣，高、中年級各發出575及570份問卷，各回收477、471份有效問卷，有效問卷回收率分別為83.0及82.6％。正式施測之高年級空氣污染概念標準化評量試題共29題，平均難度為.63，平均鑑別度為.44，Cronbach α為.78；中年級空氣污染概念標準化評量試題共18題，平均難度為.62，平均鑑別度為.40，Cronbach α為.65。其中，國小中、高年級學童答對各面向空氣污染概念之情形均以空氣的重要性與特性及森林重要性為最高；以空氣污染的發展趨勢為最低。

Recently, air quality in Taiwan during the autumn, and winter has been extremely poor, which has negative impacts on human health and the environment. There is little teaching about the concept of air pollution in elementary school and lack of assessment tools. Therefore, this study developed standardized assessment scales to understand students' knowledge of air pollution concepts, for teachers to measure students' performance, and to serve as a reference for subsequent intensive teaching. The scale of the questionnaire is based on the proposed air pollution concept map established and thirteen domestic and foreign articles. In addition, we used the results of the questionnaire survey of elementary and middle schools' teachers to screen out the air pollution concepts suitable for senior and middle level elementary school students , and compiled them into an air pollution concept questionnaire, an expert content validity review, and two pre-tests. We then amended the test question items based on the difficulty and discrimination results to complete the finalized questionnaires. The formal survey of this study was based on stratified sampling according to the proportion of .575, and 570 questionnaires were sent out to middle and high grade students. A total of 477 and 471 valid questionnaires were returned, with return rates of 83.0 and 82.6%, respectively. The senior-grade students formal tested questionnaires of 29 questions was with an average difficulty of .63, an average discrimination of .44, and Cronbach α of .78. The middle-grade students' formal test included 18 questions with the average difficulty of .62, average discrimination of .40, and Cronbach α of .65. Among them, the passing rates of middle and high grade elementary students for air pollution concepts were the highest for the importance and characteristics of air and the importance of forests. The passing rate was the lowest for the development trends of air pollution.