文化的傳承與學習：新住民青少年家中視覺文化探看

Cultural Inheritance and Learning: Delving into New Immigrant Adolescents' Home Visual Culture

本研究鑑於教育部與學術界對新住民子女教育之研究愈趨關注，加以新住民子女在家中之原生國文化學習情形亦有待瞭解，故本研究主要在研析新住民家庭母親與青少年生命中重要家中物件之影像及其詮釋，並探討新住民青少年視覺文化接觸與學習經驗對藝術教育的可能啟發與運用。本研究採用視覺研究法與多重個案研究法，透過觀察、影像選擇拍攝、參與者訪談、影像符號閱讀及詮釋來蒐集資料，受訪調者包括新住民家庭中的母親及他們的青少年子女，研究者邀請參與的新住民家庭選取家中對其生活而言具特殊意義或最喜好的重要物件並拍攝紀錄，並就所拍攝影像進行訪談與詮釋，經由觀察、家中日常視覺物件選取拍攝與訪談及其對拍攝影像之詮釋的三個部分相互交叉比對及印證，以探看新住民混融日常視覺文化符碼之內容與詮釋。研究結果顯現東南亞裔母親透過各式形態的日常實踐來進行文化傳承與文化教育，這些做為文化傳承與文化教育的日常視覺文化都助益於新住民青少年對母親原生文化的體認與瞭解。根據上述結果，本研究提出拓展連結學校內與學校外學習資源之藝術教育的重要，期能協助新住民子女提升對雙邊文化的學習與瞭解，以促進發展出含融多元文化的跨領域藝術教育學。

The purpose of this research project is to study the influences of everyday visual culture on Taiwan's new immigrant adolescents' development of cultural identity. Because of the increasing number of cross-nation marriages between Taiwanese males and females of Southeast Asian or mainland Chinese descent, mixed heritage children's development of cultural identity is more complex and challenging. Since developing sophisticated art curricula to help construct students' cultural identity continues to be a leading concern in the field of art education, it is necessary to examine the relationship between new immigrant children's development of cultural identity and their informal learning experiences with visual culture in Taiwan. A diverse range of methods including visual methodologies and multiple case study were utilized. Data were collected from observations, pictorial documentation, audio recorded informal and formal interviews. The participants included mothers and their children who were eleven to eighteen and came from homes of new immigrant families where mothers are from Southeast Asia. The new immigrant families for the study were located in Taipei City, New Taipei City and Hsinchu City. Everyday visual culture constructs didactic alternative spheres through which ideas about ethnic traditions, beliefs and aesthetic sensitivities are taught and learned. New immigrant adolescents' visual culture in the home is a direct source presenting the diversity of culture. Understanding the relationship between new immigrant adolescents' establishment of cultural identity and their experiences with visual culture can improve communication and understanding among multicultural societies and help art educators better develop cross-cultural art pedagogy. The implication of how new immigrant adolescents' learning experiences relate to everyday visual culture can help schools incorporate the rich cultural context provided through new immigrants' hybrid ethnic aesthetic practices will be discussed.