基於新見文獻的明清因明史重構

A Reconstruction of the History of Buddhist Logic in Ming and Qing China Based on New Materials

此前學界僅依據《卍續藏》所收因明文本敘述明代因明史，受資料所限而失於簡略，且完全缺漏了清代的部分。本文首先考察了近年新發現的四種明清《因明入正理論》注釋及一種「真唯識量」注釋，即明．真貴《因明入正理論集解》、明．永海《因明入正理論會義》、清．慧善《因明入正理論略疏》、清．吳樹虛《因明入正理論後記》及其《唐三藏法師唯識量質疑錄》。根據現存材料，明清因明註疏肇始於真貴，終於吳樹虛，永海、慧善二疏亦為明清因明學術之重要部分。其次，本文從多種相關資料中索隱考證，蒐集到如愚、通潤、鎮澄、廣承等十餘人的因明撰述記錄。基於諸種新見注釋及鉤沉所得，本文共統計出二十四種明清因明撰著，其中包括十九種《因明入正理論》注釋、四種「真唯識量」注釋及一種《因明正理門論》注釋。在此基礎上，重新考察明清時期漢傳因明的研習傳衍譜系，補充清代因明敘述的空白，嘗試重構該階段的因明史。

The history of Buddhist logic in Ming China was narrated merely on the basis of related texts in the Zokuzōkyō canon before, but due to the limitation of materials, such a narrative was far from complete and left out the entire Qing period. The present paper firstly examines 4 newly discovered Ming and Qing commentaries on the Nyāyapraveśa and 1 on Xuanzang's Inference of Consciousness-only, i.e., the Yinming ru zhengli lun jijie by Zhengui, the Yinming ru zhengli lun huiyi by Yonghai, the Yinming ru zhengli lun lüeshu by Huishan, the Yinming ru zhengli lun houji and Tang sanzangfashi weishiliang zhiyilu by Wu Shuxu. According to extant materials, commenting on Buddhist logic in Ming and Qing China started from Zhengui and ended by Wu Shuxu. Besides, both commentaries by Yonghai and Huishan played important parts in the scholarship of Buddhist logic in Ming and Qing China as well. Secondly, this paper makes textual research in various ways, and so is able to collect records of many works on Buddhist logic by more than ten Buddhist scholars, including Ruyu, Tongrun, Zhencheng, Guangcheng, etc. Based on all the new materials above, 24 works on Buddhist logic in Ming and Qing are counted, including 19 commentaries on the Nyāyapraveśa, 4 on Xuanzang's Inference of Consciousness-only, and 1 on the Nyāyamukha. Furthermore, it reinvestigates the lineages in Ming and Qing, adds the narrative of Qing, and attempts to reconstruct the history of Buddhist logic of that whole stage.