兒少經歷家庭經濟困境者，於成年初顯期的復原力經驗探究

The Resilience Experiences of Emerging Adults Who Have Experienced Family Economic Adversities in Childhood

研究目的：台灣在高教擴張之後，看似人人可上大學，但是家庭困境不利子女取得大學學歷，也較難進入公立大學就讀，若生長在安置機構，上大學者更如鳳毛麟角。由於相對缺乏實證探究成功者的經驗，立基於復原力觀點，本研究從青年視角探究他們兒少時期身處弱勢家庭，如何透過個體、環境保護因素促使其在成年初顯期順利上大學或是畢業後穩定就業。研究方法：半結構訪談9位受訪者（4位女性），北中南區各3位，平均23.3歲，6位學生與3位就業者，平均接受社會扶助的時間是87.7個月。研究結果：分析產生三大主題，分別是有助生存的個人特質與能力、限制與優勢並存的家庭功能、即時與穩定的家外支持。研究結論：受訪者雖然經歷貧困、暴力、高壓的生活，但是個人的獨立自主、思考規劃與反思、感恩特質，家庭、師長、非營利組織與社會福利制度的支持都有助其克服逆境，並拓展與他人連結、學習成長的機會。部分受訪者在青春期有偏差行為，但是在成年初顯期有良好的生活，這些都說明復原力並非附著於單一特質、能力或資源，而是一個持續變動的歷程。最後建議促進個人與環境韌性，鼓勵適度向外求助、降低連鎖風險、建立友善環境與拓展支持網路、多面瞭解同儕與親密關係的保護機制以提升弱勢家庭青年之復原機會。

Purposes: Based on the resilience perspective, the study intend to understand the life experiences of children who have experienced family adversities from their own perspectives. Methods: Using semi-structure interviews on 9 young people whose average age are 23.3, including 4 females. They have faced multiple family risks and received assistances from public or private social welfare units with an average of 87.7 months. Results: After data analysis, three themes were identified. Under the influence of cumulative family risks, the subjects also have positive experiences. Positive personal characteristics and environmental resources and support from family, school, NGOs, and the social welfare systems all help these subjects to overcome challenges, connect to people, build a sense of belonging, attain high education, and gain the chances of contributing to society. Furthermore, some subjects had delinquency in early teenage but become well-adjusted in emerging adulthood which show the changing process of resilience. Based on the above, we suggest (1) improving individual and family resilience, reducing risk chain effects, (3) extending community support, (4) and understanding protection mechanisms in a multi-faceted manner, so as to effectively improve the opportunities for the positive adaptation for emerging adults who came from disadvantaged families.