既判力標準時後的形成權行使的規制路徑

Exercise and Treatment of the Right of Formation after the Benchmark Time of Res Judicata

既判力標準時後的形成權行使是一種訴訟行為，其將有可能從實質上推翻前訴判決，進而危及法的安定性。由于形成權的行使是在既判力的標準時後，屬“新事由”，不受既判力的遮斷，因而無法采用訴訟法上的遮斷效路徑加以排斥。實體法視角是將各種形成權的性質、行使效果以及形成權人與對方當事人的利害狀況等實體法因素投射到遮斷效路徑，進而得出是否加以排斥的結論，其本身并非解決路徑，但却為訴訟法上的誠信原則適用時的價值判斷提供了客觀標準。既判力標準時後的撤銷權或解除權的行使構成不誠信的訴訟行為，屬對訴訟權利的濫用，依據實體法因素進行具體的價值判斷後，應當適用誠信原則加以排斥，從而維護法的安定性；但抵銷權的行使并未危及法的安定性，因而不受限制。

The exercise of the right of formation after the benchmark time of res judicata is a litigation act, which may overturn the previous judgment in essence, and then endanger the stability of the law. Because the exercise of the right of formation is a new cause after the benchmark time of res judicata and is not interdicted by res judicata, it cannot be excluded by interdiction effect path in procedural law. The perspective of substantive law is to project the nature of various formation rights, the exercise effect and the interests of the person with the formation right and the other party to the interdiction effect path, and then draw the conclusion whether to exclude it. It is not a solution path in itself, but it provides an objective standard for the value judgment when the principle of good faith in procedural law is applied. The exercise of the cancellation right or termination right after the benchmark time of res judicata constitutes a dishonest litigation act, which belongs to the abuse of litigation rights. After making a specific value judgment according to the factors of substantive law, the principle of good faith should be applied to exclude it, so as to maintain the stability of law. However, the exercise of the right to set off does not endanger the stability of the law, so it is not limited.