從陳璧君看民國時期的夫人與政治

A Guomindang Leader's Wife and Politics: The Case of Chen Bijun

陳璧君的強悍與汪精衛的懼內，是民國政壇上最有名、有趣、美醜反差很大的一對夫妻。與他們對照的是宋美齡的優雅與蔣介石的威權；前者被視為是牝雞司晨的代表，後者是賢內助的代言人。圍繞她們的爭議不斷，但不可否認她們在其時代，都因丈夫之故，在中國近代政治裡扮演關鍵角色，也在她的時代中舉足輕重。只是在民國時期父權為尚的政壇上，女性如何能有自己的政治地位？如何實踐自己的政治抱負？似乎只能以婚姻為取徑，藉「夫人」這個身份來獲得發揮的空間，仍是傳統上「妻以夫貴」的方式。即便是貴為國民黨內兩大領袖蔣介石、汪精衛的夫人，都無法跳脫這樣的侷限。陳璧君的從政經歷與政治參與，因為汪精衛的和平運動與建立偽政權，成了被抹去的扉頁，只剩「女漢奸」評價，至今在許多歷史論述、定位上都難有翻轉。本文透過陳璧君的政治參與方式及其家族的涉入程度，從汪精衛的政治軌跡，重新刻畫看似強固實則模糊的陳璧君政治身影，以及被過度渲染的金權政治形象。作為典型又非典型的領袖夫人，陳璧君對其丈夫政治事業的貢獻與影響程度，是否真如外界的看法，汪之成敗皆歸璧君？本文藉探究陳璧君的政治道路並理解民國政治中婚姻與政治的連動性。

Chen Bijun and Wang Jingwei were a famous couple in the Republic period, as Wang was known for his handsomeness and his accomplishments in the Chinese revolution but was also famously henpecked. Chen entered the higher political stage due to her husband, and she played a key role in her husband's affairs. The Chinese political system was highly patriarchal, and it was very difficult for a woman to attain high position and enjoy political dreams. One way is to be a key politician's wife, based on the traditional image of a good wife and the expectations of her role. Both Chen Bijun and Mayling Soong (Song Meiling) are significant cases of powerful politician's wives who played a role in modern Chinese history. Although Soong was educated in America and contained a Western spirit in her Chinese body, she still needed to play the role of the traditional wife. And although Chen was a revolutionary, she faced the same traditional expectations. Chen was born and grew up in Southeast Asia in a conservative Cantonese family, but her behavior was much more conservative than Soong's after she married Wang. Chen is generally condemned as a ''traitor'' due to her association with Wang's ''peace movement'' with Japan during the Second Sino- Japanese War. This article explores how Chen carried out her political ideas and activities in the Guomindang's political system. It also discusses and compares her political influence and her family's participation in Wang's political career with that of Soong Mayling and the Soong family. This comparison illuminates how women's political influence was intertwined with her husband’s career in modern China.