拼裝塭仔圳：產業群聚與非正式都市化

Assembling Wenzaizun: Industrial Agglomeration and Informal Urbanization

近年來產業群聚逐漸成為台灣經濟、地理、都市規劃、與公共政策學界討論的熱門議題。然而，目前國內大部分討論群聚的文獻，鮮少從工廠用地是否合乎土地使用規範來區別其研究對象，因此難以深入理解未登記工廠進行的生產活動與效果。另一方面，少數探討未登記工廠的文獻又只關心如何將其合法化的問題，同樣未能解釋非正式產業聚落可能產生的創新效應，以及其與都市發展的關係。為了回應上述的理論缺口，本文選擇新北市塭仔圳地區作為研究對象，提出核心問題如下：非正式產業聚落在某個地區的形成與演變，是否有其空間與社會的邏輯？這個邏輯如何有助於我們重新認識都市化過程？通過檢視新莊金屬製造業之群聚發展、塭仔圳工廠之跨域生產網絡、自然環境對廠房供需機制的影響，以及地方政府對未登記工廠的處理等面向，本文指出，塭仔圳是製造業廠商與地主在新莊都市化過程中，挪用了時間──空間縫隙所創造的「臨時性棲地」。這個棲地和新莊金屬製造業的發展密不可分，也是新莊都市化過程中不可或缺的一個「拼裝體」。

In recent years, industrial agglomeration is increasingly becoming a major issue in the academic fields of economics, geography, urban planning and public policy in Taiwan. Most studies, however, merely focus on the effects of agglomeration taking place in institutional industrial districts, overlooking the industrial clusters composed by undocumented factories spreading all over Taiwan. On the other hand, those few studies concerned with undocumented factories tend to treat these issues from the perspective of administrative management, neglecting the possible effects of agglomeration these undocumented factories might produce and their relations to documented factories. In response to such theoretical gaps, the present study looks at the undocumented factories in Wenzaizun, New Taipei, exploring the relations among industrial agglomeration, creative milieu and informal landscape. This study asks a fundamental question: As a component of urban social and spatial assemblage, how is Wenzaizun related to Xinzhuang’s urban development? By analyzing the development of manufactural industry clusters in Xinzhuang, the production network of factories in Wenzaizun, the supply-demand mechanism of factory buildings, and the ways local government manages undocumented factories, this study suggests that Wenzaizun is best understood as a “temporary habitat” where business owners and land owners appropriate a time-space interstices during Xinzhuang’s urbanization process. This habitat is inseparable from the development of metal manufactural industry in Xinzhuang, and it is an indispensable “assemblage” in the industrialization process of Xinzhuang.