傅玄《傅子》的曹魏名臣型塑

The image shaping of famous ministers in Fu Xuan's book Fu Zi

西晉傅玄《傅子》一書，收錄作者自身於早年編纂的《魏書》之成果，從而存在大量事涉三國歷史的相關內容，亦是劉宋裴松之《三國志注》重點徵引的著作。本文即以該書聚焦的曹魏政權名臣，包含郭嘉、劉曄、傅嘏等人物的史料為探討對象，揭示史料之真實性的疑慮與錯誤，總結歷史敘述的傾向、人物形象的型塑模式。勾勒出傅玄詮釋三國歷史的觀點、立場，同時說明料事如神、先見之明的人物特質之彰顯，實為《傅子》一書關於三國歷史書寫的一大特色，如是足以動人聽聞的內容，不僅頗能吸引讀者咀嚼、玩味，更涉及史傳文學領域的問題。除了耗費頗多篇幅收錄謀士建策、持論高明的事跡，還包含預料魏諷、孟達造反的記載，以及預測「曹馬易代」（從「高平陵事變」至魏晉禪代）期間曹爽、何晏、夏侯玄、李豐等敗亡者之結局的史料。尤其提及「曹馬易代」的部分，字裡行間，常常事有蹊蹺。原因固然一方面是「自清」、輸誠予司馬氏的政治因素，這點在細部分析各則史料之後更足夠貞定這項說法；然而也該注意該書的人物型塑之偏好，還糾結著三國歷史人物、事件的議題，一定程度上影響後世理解這個時代。

The book Fu Zi of Fu Xuan in the West-Jin Dynasty contains a large number of relevant records concerning the Three Kingdoms. It is also a book cited by Pei Songzhi (372-451) to the Commentary to the Records of the Three Kingdoms. Based on political factors, the book Fu Zi reflects the author's preference for historical figures, and often has a defect in the writing of dynastic changing. This study not only reveals the mistakes and doubts of historical facts, but also summarizes the narrative tendency of Fu Xuan, and tries to figure out how the author shapes the characters through analyzing the historical materials especially from some emphasized characters such as Guo Jia, Liu Ye, and Fu Jia.