侵犯公民個人資訊罪研究

Research on the crime of infringing personal information of citizens

系所名稱：刑事法學院 學位別：碩士 畢業學年：105年 指導教授：郭潔 2015 年8 月29 日全國人大常委會通過的《刑法修正案（九）》將刑法第二百五十三條之一規定的出售、非法提供公民個人資訊罪與非法獲取公民個人資訊罪合二為一，修改為侵犯公民個人資訊罪，擴充了侵犯公民個人資訊罪的行為主體，設置了從重處罰的條款，加強了對公民個人資訊的保護力度。但是由於本罪缺少相應的司法解釋，其在適用過程中存在諸多難題，需要對其闡釋說明。本文分為三個部分：第一部分：著重論述侵犯公民個人資訊罪構成要件的適用問題。一是詳細闡述公民個人資訊的內涵，將“公民”與“個人資訊”分開加以闡明，指出在本罪中“公民”與“個人資訊”的特殊內涵。二是明確侵犯公民個人資訊罪幾種行為方式。指出收買、收受、出售、竊取或以其他方法非法獲取的內涵。三是在分析了情節嚴重的不同判定標準之後，提出綜合評價模式，並點明幾種標准之間的調和方式。四是指出《刑法修正案（九）》將侵犯公民個人資訊罪行為主體擴充之後特殊身份從重處罰的適用範圍，並對國家機關能否成為本罪的主體展開探討。五是明確侵犯公民個人資訊罪的主觀方面，並探究過失能否成為本罪的主觀方面。第二部分：闡述本罪在認定過程中存在的問題。一是怎樣認定本罪的著手。二是比較與本罪容易混淆的兩個罪名，即與侵犯通信自由罪，竊取、收買、非法提供信用卡資訊罪比較。三是對本罪容易涉及的牽連情形和想像競合情形加以闡釋，並提出這類情形的刑法處理路徑。第三部分：提出完善公民個人資訊保護的幾類措施。一是從刑法角度著手，變革舊有的公訴模式，吸納自訴程式。二是從其他相關配套角度出發，首先，健全處理侵犯公民個人資訊行為的前置法程式，即充分發揮行政法、民法在處理這類行為中的作用。其次，出臺專門性的《公民個人資訊保護法》，對公民個人資訊予以專業化保護。最後，從行業自律角度出發，建立、健全公民個人資訊保護的行業自律模式，將三者有機結合，最終實現對公民個人資訊的系統全面保護。

On August 29, 2015, the 'Criminal Law Amendment (9)' adopted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) criminalizes the sale of the provisions of Article 253 of the Criminal Law, illegally providing citizens with personal information and illegally obtaining citizens' personal information As a violation of the citizen's personal information, to expand the violation of the personal information of citizens of the main body of the crime, set the heavier penalties to strengthen the protection of personal information on the citizens. However, due to the lack of the corresponding judicial interpretation of this crime, its application in the process there are many problems, need to explain it.This paper is divided into three parts:The first part focuses on the application of the constituent elements of the violation of the personal information of citizens. First, a detailed explanation of the connotation of personal information of citizens, the 'citizen' and 'personal information' separately to clarify that the crime in the 'citizen' and 'personal information' special connotation. Second, a clear violation of citizens personal information Which means that the acquisition, acceptance, sale, theft or other means of illegal access to the connotation of the third is in the analysis of the serious criteria for different judgments, put forward a comprehensive evaluation model, and point out the harmonization between several standards Fourthly, it points out that the 'criminal law amendment (9)' will violate the individual 's personal information after the expansion of the main body of the special status of the scope of application, and the state organs can become the subject of this crime to explore the five is a clear violation of citizens The subjective aspect of the crime of information, and to explore whether the negligence can be the subjective aspect of this crime.The second part: elaborate the crime in the process of identification of the existing problems. First, how to identify the crime to proceed. The second is to compare with the crime of confusing the two counts, that is, with the violation of freedom of communication, theft, acquisition, illegal credit card information to compare the crime. Thirdly, the implicit situation and the imagination of the situation involved in this crime are explained, and the criminal law of such cases is proposed.The third part: puts forward several kinds of measures to improve the personal information protection of citizens. First, from the perspective of criminal law, change the old prosecution model, to absorb private prosecution procedures. Second, starting from the other relevant supporting point of view, first of all, to deal with violations of citizens' personal information behavior of the pre-law, that is, give full play to administrative law, civil law in dealing with such acts in the role. Second, the introduction of a special 'personal information protection law', the citizens of personal information to be professional protection. Finally, from the perspective of industry self-discipline, the establishment and improvement of individual citizens Information protection of the industry self-discipline model, the organic combination of the three, the ultimate realization of the personal information system of citizens comprehensive protection.