越南社會主義共和國之法律體系以及律師、法官、檢察官制度簡介

Overview of the Legal System of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and Lawyer, Judge, Procurator Regulations

越南在1945年之前，沒有一部具有真實感與生命力的憲法，作為其他法律的基礎，用以進一步規定國家的根本制度和任務，並表達人民對社會主義國家的意志。直到越南民主共和國誕生，於1946年頒布第一部法典，為越南第一部成文憲法，全文共有七章、七十條，確認建設民有、民治、民享的社會主義法治國家的基本原則，也就是一切國家權力屬於人民的原則。這一原則已載入越南共產黨的綱領，並由憲法和法律的規定體制化。本文將簡要概述越南特色社會主義國家制度與法律制度，同時也包含法律人的生涯探索，目前以律師、檢察官、法官三種職業為主，讓讀者更加能夠瞭解越南社會以及熟悉當地法律體系。

Before 1945, Vietnam did not have a comprehensive and vital constitution as the basis of other laws to further stipulate the fundamental system and tasks of the country and express the will of the people to a socialist country. Until the birth of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the first law was promulgated in 1946, also being the first written constitution of Vietnam. The full text consisted of 7 chapters and 70 articles which confirmed the basic principles of building a socialist country, and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people. The principle of the people’s sovereignty governs all state power, which has been enshrined in the program of the Communist Party of Vietnam and institutionalized by the provisions of the Constitution and laws. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the socialist national system and legal system characteristics of Vietnam, as well as the three major career paths for legal professionals including lawyers, judges, and procurators, so that readers can gain a deeper understanding of Vietnam society and the local legal system.