高等教育退學之供給面因素分析──學校教學資源和入學管道招生名額配置對大學退學人數的影響

HOW SUPPLY-SIDE FACTORS AFFECT COLLEGE DROPOUTS THE EFFECTS OF COLLEGIATE RESOURCES AND ADMISSION QUOTAS ALLOCATION ON DROPOUTS

本文主要探討高等教育供給面因素對大學退學人數的影響。本研究搜集105至108學年度國內一般大學各學系之校務資料、入學管道名額、學業退學制度等資料，分別以生師比和「回流率」衡量學校的教學資源和入學管道招生名額配置是否合宜之指標，來分析教學資源和入學管道名額配置之高等教育供給面因素分別與主動退學及成績退學之關聯性，在控制學校及學系的固定效果後，實證結果發現影響公立校系及私立校系的主動退學、成績退學之供給面因素不同。不適宜的入學管道名額配置所造成的高回流率會降低校系的指考最低錄取成績，會使各校系招收到指考成績較預期更低的指考生，導致公立校系有更多的主動退學及私立校系有更多的成績退學。此外，本文發現繁星推薦及個人申請缺額回流後的最終指考名額比例與生師比是影響私立校系主動退學的關鍵因素。最後，成績退學人數與學校的學業退學制度具有顯著的關聯性。

This study investigates how supply-side factors-collegiate resources and admission quotas allocation-affect college dropouts. Estimation is based on department-level insti-tutional and admission data from 68 Taiwanese public and private colleges from academic year 2016 to 2019. Controlling for school and department fixed effects, inappropriate multi-channel admission quotas allocation reduces the minimum admission score on the Advanced Subjects Test (AST) and leads to the recruitment of students with unexpectedly low AST scores. It also increases both dropouts based on incompatible interest at public colleges and dropouts based on academic performance at private colleges. Moreover, lower collegiate resources and higher final AST admission quotas lead to larger dropouts based on incompatible interest at private colleges. Policy implications regarding the admission quotas allocation are suggested.