三十九種中藥材萃取液對葉芽線蟲及根瘤線蟲的影響

The Effect of Thirty-nine Chinese Herbal Medicine Extractions on Root-knot and Root-lesion Nematodes

選取中藥書籍記載39種對於人體內之寄生蟲有驅蟲或殺蟲效果的藥材，經熱水煮沸後之藥材浸出液，有18種在培養血試驗中可以有效抑制葉芽線蟲和根瘤線蟲卵孵化，其中又以除蟲菊、魚藤、黃藤及苦楝效果為佳，其餘21種則無抑制效果。39種中藥材中7種對於葉芽線蟲有致死效果，7種具麻痺效果，溫室試驗結果顯示14種中藥材浸出液噴灑於草莓植株心苞的殺線蟲效果較直接浸泡蟲體為佳。7種可殺死線蟲的藥材中以梫木的殺蟲效果最佳，直接浸泡可殺死72%的葉芽線蟲，和對照的殺線蟲劑芬滅松相比，也有芬滅松的85.7%殺蟲效果；鶴聶也有與梫木相同的致死效率，但是施用於草莓苗上則不若梫木浸出液效果好。以5種中藥材浸出液於植前浸泡草莓苗，植株的罹病度較植後噴灑者低，其中苦楝的效果最佳，無論在植前或是植後施用，與芬滅松之殺線蟲效果無異。

"Thirty-nine Chinese herbal medicines recorded to have antihelminithic and disinfestation abilities were tested. The herb was boiled for one hour and the filtrates were used in the tests. Eighteen herbal medicines efficiently inhibited both root-knot and Aphelenchoides besseyi egg hatching, among them, Crysanthemum cinerariaefolium, Dacmonoropus margaritae, Derris elliptica and Melia azedarzch had significantly better efficacy than the others. Seven out of thirty-nine herbal medicines showed lethal effect and the other seven could narcotize A. besseyi. The results from the greenhouse tests indicated that the herbal medicine filtrates had better inhibiting efficacy when applied directly on strawberry plants. Among seven lethal herbal medicines, Pieris japonica had the best effect. About 72% A. besseyi died when treated with boiled filtrate and the efficacy was equal to 85.7% that of phenamiphos. Carpesium abrotanoides had similar lethal effect in the Petri dish tests but did not perform as well as Pieris japonica in the Pot tests. Five herbal medicines were selected on field tests. Among them, Melia azedarzch had the best effect on controlling A. besseyi. In both pre-plant and post-plant treatments, M. azedarzch had similar performance as phenamiphos, which was better than the other four tested herbs."