買票兼作票：由俗諺考察台灣選舉現象

Vote Buying and Vote Rigging: An Investigation of Taiwanese Election Phenomenon From the Aspect of Sayings and Proverbs

俗諺的表面意涵是生活文化的表現，而深層意涵則反映時代現象與社會政治內涵，同時也是人類歷史發展的真實體現。本文從俗諺的意涵來觀看歷史，廣泛蒐集時人之回憶錄、報章雜誌、日記等，藉由爬梳回憶錄等資料，羅列與俗諺相關之史實，印證台灣俗諺意涵與普羅大眾對戰後中國國民黨統治下台灣選舉文化的真實觀感。台灣俗諺中，有關選舉者有：「選舉沒師傅，用錢買就有。」、「會使沒錢糴米，袂使沒錢選舉。」、「好央叫，拼輸新台幣。」、「選輸孫中山。」、「大選大買，小選小買，不選照買。」1949年至2000年國民黨統治台灣，其中包含1949至1987年的38年戒嚴時期，國民黨為鞏固其在台灣的統治基礎，在各級選舉中上下其手，製造出另類台灣奇蹟，亦即選舉舞弊文化，同時也是我國社會公開的秘密。雖然2000年已經政黨輪替，進入民主化階段，然而這些選舉舞弊現象仍未斷絕，對我國民主發展影響甚大，一則政治為少數人所把持，演變為政商、黑金政治集團，二則民主價值長期受到扭曲，未能深植人心，致使國人民主人格未能健全，三則透過舞弊，國會運作長年未循憲政常軌，無法發揮造福普羅大眾、確實監督政府的功能，國家進步緩慢。俗話說：「國民黨贏二票：作票甲買票。」本文將數十年來台灣俗諺所反映的選舉文化，分別以「作票」、「買票」兩部分呈現。

"Sayings and proverbs on appearance are expressions of the living culture, but their deep meanings are a reflection of the era and social and political implications, as well as true embodiments of the human history development. The paper views the history from the meanings of sayings and proverbs, and lists historical facts relating to sayings and proverbs through broad collection and organization of memoirs of contemporary people, newspapers, magazines and diaries in order to confirm the meanings of sayings and proverbs and the true public perception of Taiwanese elections under the ruling of the Kuomintang after World War II. Election related Taiwanese sayings and proverbs include: 'there is no teacher for election, all you need is money', 'you can have no money for the rice, but you can not have no money for an election', 'good services still lose to New Taiwan Dollar', 'lost the election to Sun Yatsen', 'big-scale vote buying for a big election, small-scale vote buying for a small election, and vote buying even if there is no election'. In the period from 1949 to 2000 when Taiwan was ruled by the Kuomintang, including a 38-year martial law period from 1949 to 1987, Kuomintang practiced fraud in all levels of elections to stabilize its political foundation in Taiwan and created a different type of Taiwanese miracle, a culture of election fraud, which is an open secret in our society. Though there was a change of ruling party in 2000 and the country stepped into a democratic stage, election fraud is still in existence and substantially impacts the country's democratic development. One effect is that politics has been controlled by only few people who evolve into official-business collusion or black-gold political groups. The second effect is that the value of democracy has long been distorted and can not be deeply rooted in people's hearts, thus causing an unhealthy political personality of the country's citizens. The third effect is that the congress has been operating without following the constitutional norm as a result of fraud, and can not play its role of benefiting the public and supervising the government, and thus leading to a slow progress of the country. As the saying goes, 'The Kuomintang wins an election in two ways, vote rigging and vote buying'. The paper shows the election culture reflected in Taiwanese sayings and proverbs in the past few decades in the two parts of 'vote rigging' and 'vote buying'."