大學創業教育生態系統，影響大學生創業警覺性養成之因素重要性研究

A Study of the Relative Importance of the Factors Affecting the Cultivation of Students’ Entrepreneurial Alertness by the University Entrepreneurship Education Ecosystem

隨著創業活動的普及，創業對社會與經濟發展的重要性也受到關注。自80 年代開始，美國大專院校開設創業教育課程，隨後普及至世界各大學。在台灣，在學校及政府的推動下，許多大專院校都紛紛提供創業相關的課程，以培育學生創新創業的能力。學者也開始探討創業家精神的可教育性，以及大專院校在創業人才培育上所扮演的角色。然而，相關學生在創業教育生態系統內如何養成創業初期察覺機會能力的研究卻依然稀少。雖然有少數研究提出影響學生們創業警覺性的因素，尚未有研究結合創業教育生態系統與這些因素進行探索來說明這些因素的相對重要性。針對此缺口，本研究採質量化混合研究法進行探討，以質性系統文獻回顧法，探討創業教育生態系統如何影響學生創業警覺性的養成，並提出一個共有四個構面及十一個影響因素的理論架構。之後再以層級分析法探討專家對構面與因素的權重比序，經統整歸納後再以學生個體培養與學校總體營造進行討論。本研究成果為創業教育生態系統與創業警覺性提供更深入的理論基礎，並為決策單位提供建議，以提升學生創業警覺性能力並帶動校園創業發展。

"The contributions of entrepreneurship to social and economic development have attracted much academic attention. Since the 1980s, American colleges and universities have started offering entrepreneurial courses that have later propagated to universities worldwide. Promoted by the government, colleges and universities in Taiwan have also developed courses focusing on innovation and entrepreneurship to cultivate students' innovative and entrepreneurial abilities. Some scholars have explored how entrepreneurship can be taught to college students and the university's roles in cultivating entrepreneurial talents. However, research into how students develop the ability to perceive entrepreneurial opportunities in a university entrepreneurial education ecosystem is still limited. Although a few studies have identified factors that affect students' entrepreneurial alertness, few studies have combined these factors with entrepreneurial education ecosystems and illustrate their relative importance. In response to this research gap, this study adopted a mixed-method, beginning with a systematic literature review to explore how the entrepreneurial education ecosystem affects students' entrepreneurial alertness. A conceptual framework of four dimensions and eleven influencing factors was constructed. The study then utilized the Analytic Hierarchy Process method involving experts and scholars to rank the relative importance of the four dimensions and eleven influencing factors. The study provides a better understanding of the influence of an entrepreneurial education ecosystem on students' entrepreneurial alertness. It could provide suggestions for policymakers and universities to promote student entrepreneurship through their entrepreneurship education ecosystems."