莫拉佳之《英雄和聖人》中的失能賽博格

The Disabled Cyborg in Cherríe Moraga's Heroes and Saints

"本論文探討莫拉佳（Cherríe Moraga, 1952－）之《英雄和聖人》（Heroes and Saints, 1992）中失能薛麗的賽博格身體與相關議題。全文主要有兩部份：第一部份為「失能賽博格政治」，整合哈樂薇（Donna Haraway）的賽博格理論與失能研究學者的批判和增補，闡釋「失能賽博格政治」不僅重視失能賽博身體如何打破人類和機械、正常和不正常、健能和失能的狹隘界線，並且正視失能身體和機械結合的實際生活經驗。第二部份為薛麗的賽博格身體、失能經驗及政治行動。因母親於懷孕期間在遭受化學藥劑汙染的葡萄園工作，薛麗出生時只有頭部，頭部安置在座車上，得以行動。相較於先天缺陷，薛麗失能的主要因素來自於後天的建構，母親代表這股社會建構而致成失能的力量。在她的教養和規範之下，薛麗不被看見、不被聽見、不該具有情慾、不得參與社區的政治活動。薛麗打扮成聖母，終於獲得篤信天主教的母親准許出門。薛麗對聚集的鎮民演說，訴說共同的傷痛和苦難，之後朝向葡萄園駛去，引來警方開槍掃射。受到薛麗的激勵，憤怒的鎮民衝向葡萄園，起而抗爭。結論部份指出後人類失能的重要精神在於納含不同失能身體，同時也肯定失能者藉由科技／機械的協助所展現的能力與所展開的前景，並且重視他們的失能切身經驗，以及在社會和政治上的存在和價值。賽博格薛麗演繹失能賽博格的失能經驗、堅毅和轉變，並以其失能身體和苦痛經驗連結社群、激發集體政治力量，展演後人類失能的可能。"

"This paper explores the representation of cyborg Cere in Heroes and Saints (1992) by the Chicana playwright Cherríe Moraga (1952-). The first part of the paper expounds Donna Haraway's conceptualization of the cyborg in ''A Cyborg Manifesto'' (1991) integrated with the critiques on her essay by Disability Studies scholars. The second section discusses Cere's cyborgian body, lived experience, and political action. Cere, the 18-year-old Chicana who was born with a head but no body after her pregnant mother, Dolores, had worked in the chemically contaminated vineyards. Her head is positioned on her ''raite,'' a rolling, table-like platform which is automated by a button she operates with her chin. Seeing Cere's disability as shame, Dolores does not allow her to leave the house. Cere is determined to have the corpse of her baby niece crucified in the vineyards to make the environmental violence done to her community visible. She thus transforms into La Virgen de Guadalupe to convince her Catholic mother to let her out. She then speaks to the public outside the church, urging them to revolt against the violence rather than accept it passively. Soon after her ritualized speech, Cere proceeds into the vineyards, and is shot down by the helicopter of the police. Her death spurs her people to rush to the vineyards and burn the fields. Finally, the paper concludes that cyborg Cere-destabilizing the boundaries between human-machine, normal/abnormal, and able-disabled and liberated from the traditional limits of the body-acts out posthuman possibility with respect to bodily diversity. Her cyborg body and lived experience become an embodiment of posthuman disability."