西周時期偏洞室墓的分布與其意義──以張家坡墓地為核心

The Distribution of Side-Chamber Tombs in the Western Zhou Period and Its Meaning: A Study Centered at the Zhangjiapo Cemetery

「偏洞室墓」指是從地面往下直挖長方形豎穴後，再往側邊掏出梯形或方型墓室的墓葬形式，盛行於農牧混合的草原地帶，被認為是草原地帶跨地域族群共享的墓葬特色。先周時期，偏洞室墓出現在關中盆地西部與涇河流域，西周時期則遷移到關中盆地東部的豐邑。偏洞室墓的分布，顯示共享此葬俗的群體與周族相關，而張家坡墓地的偏洞室墓不僅展現了西周國家與多族群共存、合作的特色，也增加了對西周時期周人與西戎合作方式的認識。

"“Side-chamber tombs” refer to the tomb structure in which a main burial chamber is attached to the side of a deep shaft. It was popular in areas where a combination of agriculture and pastoralism was practiced and is considered the shared mortuary practice in the steppe area. In the pre-Zhou period, side-chamber tombs appeared in the western Guanzhong Basin and the Jing River valley. In Western Zhou, they moved to the Settlement of Feng, located in the eastern Guanzhong Basin. The distribution of side-chamber tombs shows that the population sharing this practice was related to the Zhou people. The side-chamber tombs discovered in the Zhangjiapo cemetery exhibit the Western Zhou state’s characteristic of having multiple ethnic groups coexist and cooperate. Moreover, they broaden our understanding of how Zhou people and barbarians from the West cooperated during the Western Zhou period."