撤銷詐害行為特定問題之探討

On the Specific Matters of Revocation Proceedings for Fraudulent Actions

民法第244條、第245條規定之詐害行為撤銷權，以保全債權人之債權為目的，但又須斟酌不可過度干涉債務人處分財產之自由及保障交易安全。實踐上，詐害行為撤銷之訴訟甚多，由於上開規定之簡略，所引起之爭議問題，於理論上難以完全解決。2000年增訂施行之第244條第3項及第4項固已解決部分問題，但仍有下列待釐清之問題：（一）無償行為與有償行為之判斷；（二）債權人債權額之確定及詐害行為標的不可分之撤銷範圍；（三）撤銷訴訟之程序及判決確定後之強制執行；（四）債權人就詐害行為與通謀虛偽行為於訴訟上行使之差異。本文分別為深入之分析檢討，除思考學者及實務見解外，並考察外國立法及實踐情形，就涉及之法規，為統整之探討，提出淺見，期對爭議及延伸問題之解決，有所助益。

"Articles 244 and 245 of Taiwan Civil Code stipulate the revocation proceedings for fraudulent actions to protect the rights of creditors. However, two articles shall not be interpreted as unduly interfering with the debtors’ rights to dispose of their properties and with the regular course of business transactions. Lawsuits of revocation for fraudulent actions are common. The simple provisions of Article 244 were not able to cope with the complexity of increasing lawsuits. The 2000 amendment adding sections 3 and 4 to Article 244 addressed some legal issues; but a number of controversies remain, including the followings: 1. the distinction between gratuitous and non-gratuitous action, 2. the evaluation of the amount of the obligation to a creditor and the extent of revocation, in the case of the property of which disposed by the fraudulent party is inalienable, 3. the procedures of revocation proceedings and enforcement of affirmed judgments, and 4. the difference between the creditors’ exercise of revocation of fraudulent actions and his exercise of legal proceeding in case of fictitious collusion between the debtor and third party. This paper analyzes these matters by studying scholarly works and court judgments, as well as by comparing foreign civil statutes. It is hoping to provide promising suggestions to address legal controversies which remains unsolved."