台灣魚菜共生運作機制的探索

EXPLORATION ON THE AQUAPONICS MECHANISM IN TAIWAN

面對環境惡化、食品安全或是城市綠化等議題，魚菜共生是經常被提到的一個選擇方案，並對它寄予厚望。魚菜共生是一個結合水產養殖與水耕栽培的生產系統，透過魚、蔬菜與細菌，達成互利互生的平衡系統，具有節水、食物安全、生產食物或是綠化等功能，是當今全球受到熱烈討論的話題。自2010之後，台灣魚菜共生農場才慢慢地展開，成立農場的原因是多元的，例如：創業、養生、退休或是轉換工作等。魚菜共生是屬於新的產業，不論是實務或是學術，對其相關報導或研究仍是不足的。因此，本論文針對台灣魚菜共生的發展，進行一個全面性的調查與分析，探索魚菜共生的運作機制，以利產業的發展。本研究透過文獻、二手資料、專家訪談、個案研究，以及問卷調查等，多方的蒐集相關資料。依據PEST理論，透過總體環境、產業環境，以及農場（企業）等3個層次的調查、分析，整理出台灣魚菜共生的運作機制。本研究的結果顯示：1.台灣魚菜共生的總體環境，是支持經濟規模的生產方式，社會需求大於自然資源，不利於社會生態的永續發展。2.台灣魚菜共生的產業環境，相關利害人提供各種資源或是支援，形成社會資本網絡，有利於環保、食安或是綠化等的魚菜共生發展。3.台灣魚菜共生的農場（企業），是屬於資本額小，商業模式面臨著技術層次不高、通路不佳等困境，農場透過魚菜共生的價值主張、創意、傳遞，以及獲取等，展現出多元的經營模式。4.台灣魚菜共生的運作機制，是農場提供環保、食安、綠化等功能，創造有利的價值。其次，農場配合社會各種資源與支持，形成社會資本，更強化了農場的價值。然而農場這樣的商業模式，不具經濟規模的生產，對於社會生態的影響有限。

"Aquaponics is frequently posited as one of the anticipated solutions to environmental degradation, food security, or urban deforestation. It is a production system that combines aquaculture and hydroponics to achieve an efficient sustainable balanced system utilizing fish, vegetables, and bacteria in a mutually beneficial cycle. Aquaponics has positive functions for water-saving, food security, increased food production per square meter, and as a solution for a lot of soil fertility and biodiversity through afforestation. Since 2010, aquaponics farm has gradually developed in Taiwan, and the reasons for establishing a farm are diverse. For instance, entrepreneurship, health preservation, retirement, or even changing careers. Aquaponics is classified as a new industry, and t here is still insufficient information for reports and researches both practical and academical aspects. Therefore, this research conducts a comprehensive investigation and analysis on the development of aquaponics in Taiwan and explores the operating mechanism of aquaponics to benefit the development of the industry. This research collects relevant information in multiple methods from literature, second - hand data, expert interviews, case studies, and questionnaire surveys. According to the PEST theory, the operating mechanism of aquaponics in Taiwan has been sorted out through three levels of investigation and analysis of the macro -environment, industrial environment, and farm in the enterprise. Consequently, the results of this study indicate the following : 1. The macro-environment for aquaponics in Taiwan supports the trend of economic scale growth. While social demand is greater than natural resources, it is not in favor of sustainable development for social ecology. 2. The industrial environment for aquaponics in Taiwan is supported by relevant stakeholders providing resources and forming a social capital network in favor of the development of aquaponics such as environmental protection, food security, or afforestation. 3. The farm in enterprises for aquaponics in Taiwan belongs to a small capital module, and their business models are facing difficulties, such as low technical level and poor access to channeling. The farms utilize the value proposition, creativity, propaganda, and acquisition of aquaponics to demonstrate a diversified business model. 4. The operating mechanism of Taiwan's aquaponics is to provide environmental protection, food security, afforestation, and other functions to create beneficial value. The farm cooperates with various social resources and supports to form social capital, which further strengthens the value of the farm in aquaponics. Conversely, a business model without an economic scale will lead to few impacts on the social ecology."