論生態環境損害賠償義務人“認賠”的刑事法律效用

On the Criminal Utility of Obligor’s Acknowledgement of Indemnity for Ecological & Environmental Damage

生態環境損害賠償義務人認賠的刑事法律效用研究，可以為生態環境損害賠償制度與刑事司法制度銜接提供新的切入點。民事責任與刑事責任的相對獨立性和辯證關系，是認賠刑事從寬效用的突破口。通過建立認賠從寬共識以充分發揮認賠的刑事法律效用，可反向促進賠償義務人積極承擔賠償責任，從而形成良性循環的運作機制。在規範路徑方面，賠償義務人認賠從寬應當依托現有刑事法律體系，參照認罪認罰從寬制度的規則理念，從認賠免於訴訟，認賠免于刑罰，認賠從輕、減輕處以刑罰三個方面細化刑事法律效用，明確賠償義務人認賠的刑事法律效用邊界，規範司法機關適用從寬情節。

"The research on criminal utility of obligor’s acknowledgement of indemnity could provide a point-cut for linking up ecological & environmental damage indemnity mechanism with criminal justice system, and the fact that civil liability and criminal liability are relatively independent and dialectical offers a breakthrough to the understanding of indemnity acknowledgement’s criminal utility. Indemnity acknowledgement’s criminal utility can be best demonstrated by building consensus via the concept of“indemnity acknowledgement resulting in lenient punishment”, which can stimulate the obligor to actively take responsibility. With regard to the methodology of“indemnity acknowledgement resulting in lenient punishment”, current criminal legal system shall be based on and the concepts of“plea of guilty resulting in lenient punishment mechanism”shall be referred to, and finally the criminal utility can be realized via“indemnity acknowledgement resulting in exemption of litigation”,“indemnity acknowledgement resulting in exemption of punishment”, and“indemnity acknowledgement resulting in lighter or degraded punishment”. It will be beneficiary for clarifying the legal utility boundary of indemnity acknowledgement as well as regulating judiciary authorities’discretion."