《個人資訊保護法》的基本法定位與保護功能──基於新法體系形成及其展開的分析

The Basic Law Position and Protection Function of Personal Information Protection Law

《個人資訊保護法》不僅奠定了我國個人資訊保護的新法基礎，而且也成為數位化背景下的一部基礎性立法。要真正理解和實施好這部新法，必須準確把握其體系邏輯以及與其他基本法律的關係。從實證角度而論，可依據雙重基礎觀來解讀這部新法的體系形成基礎與主要訴求。一個是將該法作為與刑民基本法具有並存交叉地位的領域基本法而設計的基礎視角。由此入手可正確理解其作為新興領域基本法的規範意義及與相關基本法特別是《民法典》的適用關係。另一個是為實現保護功能而預設的基礎視角。數位化背景下興起的個人資訊保護問題具有前所未有的複雜性，不能簡單通過既有部門法路徑加以因應，需要建立更加複雜的超越自主管理的多元治理保護系統，尤其需要針對自主管理失靈進行體系改進和提升，包括加強和完善具體行為治理規範，在必要範圍內引入有強度的積極管理和嚴厲的特殊法律責任等外部治理新機制。通過上述雙重視角，才能夠更加全面地認識這部新法的基礎意義和獨特作用，確保在該法的實施和解釋中把握住其內核和精髓。

"The Personal Information Protection Law has not only laid a new legal foundation for the protection of personal information in China, but also become a basic legislation under the background of digitization. To truly understand and implement this new law, we must accurately grasp the logical basis and connotation of its system. From an empirical point of view, we can interpret the basic ideas and main demands of this new law system according to the concept of dual foundation. One is the basic perspective designed for the basic law in the field of coexistence with the criminal and civil basic law. Starting from this, we can correctly understand its normative significance as a basic law in an emerging field and its application relationship with relevant basic laws, especially the Civil code . The other is the basic perspective preset to realize the protection function. The problem of personal information protection emerging in the digital context has unprecedented complexity, which can not be simply responded to through the path of existing departmental laws. It is necessary to establish a more complex multi governance protection system beyond independent management, especially to improve and enhance the system for the failure of independent management, including strengthening and perfecting specific behavior governance norms and introducing them to the necessary scope, increasing new mechanisms for external pressure governance, such as strong active management and strict special legal responsibilities. Through the above dual perspectives, we can have a more comprehensive understanding of the significance and role of the new law and ensure to grasp its core and essence in interpretation and implementation."