中國基層司法中的儀式與權力

Ritual and Power in China’s Basic Level Judicature

通過影像和訪談獲得的材料可以提供生動的司法運行情況。基於一部電影和深度訪談發現，在基層司法中，與抽象的法律規範相比，地方性知識發揮著重要作用。依賴於時間、空間、階層、主體等地方性要素，司法在運行中呈現出不同的權力關係和技術。正是這些權力與技術，使司法呈現出多重面相。司法並不是純粹的公權力規範私主體行為的過程，相反它是國家公權力和民間私行為互動的場域。儀式是司法中的重要要素，當事人有時會通過參與儀式而影響理想中的司法儀式。空間體現著不同主體間的權力關係。基層司法更多呈現了民間百姓的實踐，從而使司法具有了多義性。因此，看上去是“背離”司法的現象實際上是司法的不同面向。

"Films and interviews can provide a more vivid picture of how justice works. Based on a film and in-depth interviews, the article points out that local knowledge plays an important role in basic level judicature than abstract legal norms. Relying on the local elements such as time, space, class, and subject, the judiciary presents different power relations and techniques in its operation. It is these powers and techniques that make justice take on multiple faces. Judicature is not a process of pure public power regulating private subjects’behaviors. On the contrary, it is a field of interaction between state public power and private behavior. Ritual is a critical element in the judicature, and sometimes the parties will dissolve the ideal judicial ritual by participating in the ritual. Space embodies the power relationship between different subjects. The basic level judicature largely presents ordinary people’s personal experiences, thus giving judiciary polysemous. So what appears to be anti-justice is, in fact, a different aspect of justice."