侵權責任:徘徊在債與責任之間的立法價值

Tort Liability: Legislative Value Hovering between Debt and Liability

侵權責任在債與責任之間徘徊，是對《民法典》規定侵權責任法律屬性的概括，即確認侵權責任既是侵權之債，又是民事責任，具有雙重屬性，因而在立法上，並未將侵權之債規定在合同編或者之後，而是作為第七編規定在《民法典》最後一編，作為民事權利保護法。立法者將侵權責任徘徊在債與責任之間體現了重要的立法價值，一是實現侵權損害賠償回歸債法傳統的目的，二是科學建構民事權利保護方法的請求權體系，三是保持債法規則的整體性和通用性，四是確認侵權責任法的基本功能是民事權利保護法。其最基本的價值，就在於通過實現《民法典》的“總-分-總”結構，充分發揮侵權責任保護民事權利的職能作用，更好地保護好民事主體的民事權益。

"Tort liability hovers between debt and liability, which is a summary of the legal attributes of tort liability under the Civil Code. That is, it confirms that tort liability has a dual attribute, being both a debt in tort and a civil liability. Thus, in the legislation, the tort liability is not provided in the Civil Code, either in or after the contract part, but in the last part of the Civil Code, i. e. , Title VII, as the law protecting civil rights. The legislator hovering the tort liability between debt and liability reflects the important legislative value. The first is to realize the purpose of returning tort damages to the tradition of debt law, the second is to scientifically construct the claim system of civil rights protection methods, the third is to maintain the integrity and universality of the rules of debt law, and the fourth is to confirm the basic function of tort liability law as the law of civil rights protection. Its most basic value lies in the ''general-division-general'' structure of the Civil Code, giving full play to the function of tort liability to protect civil rights and better protect the civil rights and interests of civil subjects."