現役軍人酒駕懲罰規範之初探──以陸海空軍懲罰法之適用為中心

A Preliminary Study on the Regulation of Driving under the Influence Punishments for Active Service Men: Focusing on the Application of Armed Forces Punishment Act

酒駕行為乃我國道路交通事故主要肇事原因之一，立法者近年逐步透過修法，強化對於酒駕之處罰，期待得藉此收遏阻酒駕之效。針對現役軍人之酒駕行為，考量其係代表國家行使公權力之人，即便行為並非發生於執行職務期間，亦將對國家之公信與形象造成折損，故除了課以現役軍人更高之注意義務外，並進一步藉由陸海空軍刑法及陸海空軍懲罰法雙管齊下，分別據以追究其刑事及行政責任，而行政責任部分，同時由國防部訂定國軍軍風紀維護實施規定，就細部之懲罰規範或基準，予以補充。本文聚焦於我國現行針對現役軍人酒駕之課責規範，並以陸海空軍懲罰法為中心，就其適用之情形及可能衍生之爭議，進行檢視，並提出個人初步之觀察與建議：由法律授權明確性、比例原則及出於平等權之體系正義進行觀察，我國現行就現役軍人酒駕懲罰之規範仍有改善之空間。另外，現役軍人於懲罰程序中所應受到之組織與程序性保障，亦有因應司法院釋字第785號解釋，通盤檢討並強化之必要。

"Driving under the influence is one of the leading causes of current traffic accidents in Taiwan. Through rounds of law amendments over the last few years, Taiwan's regulators have gradually enhanced penalties toward driving under the influence violations, hoping this would successfully deter further driving under the influence cases from happening. However, when it comes to driving under the influence of any active service men, even when not reporting to duty at that moment, considering they are state actors, such action as driving under the influence will still cause strong damage to the image and reputation of the State. Therefore, besides imposing a higher duty of care standard, there is still the need to hold active service men liable for both criminal and administrative liabilities through the Armed Forces Punishment Act and the Criminal Code of the Armed Forces. Referring to the administrative liabilities, Taiwan also has the Act Upholding the Military Discipline Direction from the Ministry of National Defense for supplementary purposes, in order to implement more detailed penalties and standards.This article will focus on Taiwan's current driving under the influence regulations towards active service men, especially on the administrative liabilities based on the Application of Armed Forces Punishment Act. By reviewing potential disputes from enforcing the Armed Forces Punishment Act and the Act Upholding the Military Discipline Direction from the Ministry of National Defense, preliminary observation and suggestions will be provided in the article based on the principle of legal certainty, proportionality, and equality from the aspect of institutional justice. At the end of the day, Taiwan's current driving under the influence regulations and penalty system actually still have room for further improvement and advancement. Moreover, the organizational guarantees and procedural justice that active service men should receive in the punishment procedure, should also in response to the Judicial Yuan's Interpretation No. 785 be strengthened and clarified."